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    <title>Thoughts Along The Way</title>
    <category>Thoughts Along The Way</category>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/revisiting-the-garden-of-eden/</link>
        <title>Revisiting the Garden of Eden</title>
        <description>Trying to locate the source of the quote, I encountered a train of thought that I can’t help but believe we would do well to attend to. The relationship between human imagination and the environment of which we are a...</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 22 Jul 2018 15:20:54 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Listening to a TED talk last year, I jotted down the following quote from the speaker whose name is now lost to me: “Our imagination has become an ecological force.” Trying to locate the source of the quote, I encountered a train of thought that I can’t help but believe we would do well to attend to. The relationship between human imagination and the environment of which we are a part is a two-edged sword. Mythology offers us a lens through which we might be able to see clearly the two ways this sword cuts. Stories old and new from places near and far drawn from the imaginations of people who are known and unknown to us are vehicles that can help us look honestly at our relationship to this planet. Stories can help us see how we got to the place we are today, and, perhaps more important, they can help us imagine ways to live so that those who come after us will not have to suffer the consequences of the story by which we have been living. As I have written here before, “We live by story.” The planet is crying out to us that we need a new narrative. Because this is a religious column, I will say it up front: The Christian narrative, as it has historically been interpreted, has not served the planet well. You may know the phrase from the first chapter of Genesis. Even though it is an insufficient interpretation, we have taken it at face value that humans are to “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion.” For millennia, those verses had little long-lasting effect on the planet. That was only because the number of humans was too small. No longer is that the case. So what new stories do we need? Ones about selflessness? About generosity? How about stories of our being part of Earth, not separate from her? Where will the stories we need come from? Do they need to be new or are there remnants of narratives from times gone by that would serve us well? Perhaps they will come from other cultures. Some of us can imagine a world in which harmony prevails among everything that exists. Water, air, oceans, soil, flora, and fauna – a single system – an indivisible web. In that picture, all the parts are in right relationship. Life (all! Life) flourishes. We Christians read a story about that. We call it the Garden of Eden. That edge of our relational sword cuts toward fecundity and growth and life. The other edge cuts toward limitations and eventually death. It is a relational sword that gives hegemony to humans. It is drawn from a manipulative and dishonest story that, if you believe the scientific data, will lead to a rapidly unhinging environment. It is a story imagined by selfish, greedy, heartless humans. “Our imagination has become an ecological force.” How we employ our imagination, the edge of the relational blade we choose to swing, will determine the outcome of our way forward. We will either continue on the arrogant path of human superiority, or we will acknowledge that we have no right to dominate anything ... that we were created as part of a sacred whole and that we should live as such. If we choose the way of arrogance, the cockroaches and the viruses will survive when we are long gone. And all our concern today for kids in cages, for gun violence, for sexual harassment will be for naught when we have no clean air, no water to drink, no safe haven from the storms and the fires and the rising seas. Many of us carry out our recycling each week and use our own bags at the grocery store. We turn off the water while we brush our teeth. We buy energy absorbed by the political scene unfolding in our country. For us who are of a religious stripe, the admonition to care for our neighbor, while essential, easily usurps our energies. It distracts us and masks the critical work on behalf of the environment that we absolutely must do if any of the rest of it is going to mean anything. We need a new and compelling narrative. Not data. Not statistics. A narrative. Let us search out our poets, our storytellers, our visionaries. Let us hold up their songs and their tales. Let us be certain our children are not fed the tired, destructive narratives of human domination and exclusion from the web of life. For the love of all that is holy ... for the love of our children ... for the love of this magnificent place we are graced to live, let us animate our imaginations so that they will become the ecological force that is the only thing that will save us from our pride. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/the-structure-that-lets-us-grow/</link>
        <title>The structure that lets us grow</title>
        <description>It was two weeks post-Royal Wedding when a Buddhist friend of mine who had watched the entire ceremony was eager to talk about it. The effect it had had on her surprised me. In our conversation, Ann, let’s call her,...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 2018 18:46:57 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The royal wedding is finally old news. All the extravagance of the ceremony and the sermon by the black bishop from the United States – these have, at long last, disappeared from the news feed. The clothes and the children and the honeymoon and the house are still showing up from time to time, but they too will slowly give way to other more current events that will catch our attention. It was two weeks post-Royal Wedding when a Buddhist friend of mine who had watched the entire ceremony was eager to talk about it. The effect it had had on her surprised me. In our conversation, Ann, let’s call her, worked to find the right words to describe what it was about the event that had so moved her. She first acknowledged her aversion to the cost of this, and many, weddings. From there, she bemoaned how many weddings these days are “destination weddings.” That’s when it dawned on her that it was the tradition, the elegance and the propriety of the royal celebration that she found so compelling. She recognized that it wasn’t the next cool thing. As we talked more about this “Solemnization of Matrimony,” (the official title for a wedding in the Church of England) she pondered why that might be. I think Ann hit on something that may be true for many of us in our country. Even for younger folks who might not have lived in a time of greater decorum, a time when there was an expectation that things could and should be done properly – even for them there is something grounding in ritual. Behind the staid language, the prescribed choreography and the formal music, there is a depth of meaning that cannot be missed no matter how many fancy hats and movie stars are gathered around. While I was pondering how we are drawn to rite and ritual, I realized there are few places we encounter it in our country anymore. Maybe there are still cotillions in the Deep South or in New York high society. But for us ordinary folks, the military, organizations like the Masons or the Scouts, and some religious denominations are the only examples that jump to mind. It’s interesting how things in a religious context that are “done properly and in good order” are often considered as repetitive, boring, and out of touch. In one of these other settings, it’s a whole different thing. Participating in ceremony brings us into a structure that makes clear who we are and the potential into which we can grow. I wonder if we haven’t lost something when so few of our young people experience a rite of passage, no matter what the context. I remember walking across “the rainbow bridge” to join the older girls when I was moving from one level of Camp Fire Girls to the next. I remember feeling very proud that I would become one of them. That ceremony gave me a future to live in to. But that was nothing compared with Confirmation in the Church. That was a rite, not into another group of kids, but into an adult world. And it was more than something that I chose like being a Camp Fire Girl. It was publicly acknowledging and accepting that my adult life would be tied up with the life of God in this world. Rituals and rites have a power to effect what they represent. They are threshold moments that once crossed cannot be reversed. And the formality and the decorum – yes, the seriousness of the occasion, bespeak the transformative power inherit in them. As a religious person, I obviously think it is a good thing to link our lives to a community that strives to live in accordance with the story of a God who is Love. Ritualizing the entrance into that community, for many, if not most young people, will help them step confidently into their new, more mature role. That said, I applaud and encourage any and all ways our youths are offered structure as they transition out of their youth. We all know kids will push to find where the boundaries are. Knowing they can belong to the adult world where there will be a reliable container within which they can express their individuality and creativity will, in the end, serve not only our youths, but also our society. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/what-became-of-the-virtue-of-civility/</link>
        <title>What became of the virtue of civility?</title>
        <description>Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn There was a certain agreed-upon decorum that was common, even expected among members of our society. Oh, I’m not naive enough to think that it was every single person who behaved this way. For the most part, though,...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2018 12:09:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn Civil discourse these days is less and less civil. This is not news. For those of us who are “of an age,” we have something with which to compare how our society is currently functioning. We remember when persons could discuss topics on which they had differing views. “Back in the day” folks could even argue without demeaning one another or resorting to vulgarity. There was a certain agreed-upon decorum that was common, even expected among members of our society. Oh, I’m not naive enough to think that it was every single person who behaved this way. For the most part, though, we were a people with manners who listened to one another with respect, no matter how we felt about the ideas we were hearing. Civility was a cultural virtue. What happened to that? I recently Googled “civil discourse.” I found that conservatives and liberals, on both the political and the religious spectra had chimed in on this topic. They all bemoaned the state of current conversation, or lack thereof. Fingers were pointed in every direction. It made me wonder all sorts of things. Am I a part of this disturbing trend and don’t recognize it? How will it ever end? Until we arrive at some different norm, what damage will be done to our society and maybe even to the world, not to mention to our individual souls? These may sound like unanswerable questions, but it seems they are questions with which we ought to grapple since they can have long-ranging, if not eternal, consequences. Given that this is a religion column, it is only right that I stick to that with which I am familiar. That would be Christianity and how it is lived out in this country, at this time. When I do that, I have to hang my head. You’ve seen them ... the headlines about supposed Christians who spew all kinds of hate; nominal Christians demonizing those whom they say God calls to repentance (usually for what they deem is some sexual impropriety); duplicity, hypocrisy, and arrogance underpinning religious certitude that is anything but charitable and all in the name of God. Somewhere we Christians have lost our grounding. Our own scriptures tell us that God is love. And the love that is God is not some warm, fuzzy feeling. The love that is God is a way of being in relationship. It is a way of mutual self-emptying. It is a dance of eternal self-giving for the other. For those of us who say we follow in the way of Jesus, it seems civility should be the least of the descriptors by which we are identified. Even our little children used to learn a song based on John 13:35, “And they’ll know we are Christians by our love, by our love/ Yes, they’ll know we are Christians by our love.” But fewer and fewer of us are participating in that school of mutuality that is Sunday morning worship. Fewer and fewer of us are being rooted in a message of unity that in Christ “there is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female.” (Galatians 3:28) Fewer and fewer of us are being formed to believe that “blessed are the meek.” (Matthew 5:5) Separated from the beloved community, we are taking more and more of our cues from the larger world. It is easy to lose our footing. To live this life takes not only the conviction of our faith, but also the courage and fortitude to stand in the place of love. To do that is to make oneself vulnerable. The way of Jesus is anathema in a culture of winners and losers. In a culture of individual striving where stepping on your neighbor to make your way to the top is just the way it has to be, the way of Jesus is foolhardy. In a culture of rabid individualism where the common good is forgotten, the way of Jesus has simply lost its credibility. I am not naive enough to think that if we all were just to start going to church on Sundays everything would be better. Really paying attention to the message that we all are one, a message that is at the heart of Christianity, is not a magic bullet that will return civility to our common discourse. I do wonder, though, if it might not help. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/at-the-u-n-shame-in-the-u-s/</link>
        <title>At the U.N., shame in the U.S.</title>
        <description>From the time I was given my U.N. badge to the time we left New York, I was immersed in an experience that opened a door on the world that could not have been opened in such a short time...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2018 11:36:49 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The whole world was there! Well, maybe not the whole world numerically, and maybe not the whole world even representationally, but it felt like the whole world was there. Last month, I had the great gift of accompanying a delegation to the 62nd United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW). From the time I was given my U.N. badge to the time we left New York, I was immersed in an experience that opened a door on the world that could not have been opened in such a short time in any other way. I was surrounded by women and girls (and a few good men) with a passion for righting the injustices perpetrated over millennia toward women, with a focus on women in rural areas. Hello, Cortez. I was there as a chaperone for 15-year-old Annika Lewis, who was representing the Episcopal Church in the United States. This U.N. gathering, however, far exceeded anything the Episcopal Church, or any one Christian denomination, could have accomplished. It took women of all stripes (and a few good men) – religious, and I’m sure nonreligious – to do this work. It took “member states.” It took NGO’s. It took representatives of “civil society.” It took human beings who care passionately about equality and long-denied justice. And they were there. They’d come from all over the world, more than 8,000 of us. And the two weeks before Holy Week, that time we Christians re-inhabit the story of Jesus’ death at the hands of the Powers of his day, women (and a few good men) stood together and said “no!” to those Powers in our day. We said “no” to gender-based violence against women, restrictive financial structures that limit women, and lack of access to land and resources for women in poor, rural areas. We said “yes” to gender equality, education, and health care for all women. And we did it with respect and civility ... for the most part. It was as though we had left behind our current world of discord and division and had stepped into another realm ... until the United States official delegation began to speak. To our shame, the U.S. representatives were drawn from the most doctrinaire and strident elements in our society. Birth control (!), abortion, and LGBTQ concerns are not to be found in the “agreed conclusions” that came out of this meeting because of our representatives’ lack of compassion for the situations in which our sisters around the world live. While listening deeply to one another was the hallmark of the rest of the meeting, the United States stood out in sharp contrast. As a Christian, it is painful to see more clearly than ever that the Powers of disunity and oppression of this world against which I understand the followers of Jesus are called to stand are here in my own country, promulgated by elements of my own religion. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/hope-will-rise-when-we-quiet-our-minds/</link>
        <title>Hope will rise when we quiet our minds</title>
        <description>Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn Maybe you would think that is because they are realists. Even though one is a monk and the other a priest, you may think that perhaps they look at the world as it is and find it hard...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Mar 2018 00:01:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn You might be surprised to learn that Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, is not an optimist. Neither is his great friend and conversation partner, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, also a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Maybe you would think that is because they are realists. Even though one is a monk and the other a priest, you may think that perhaps they look at the world as it is and find it hard to expect good things. But that would be wrong. These two great teachers are not optimists because the inclination to despair, which follows closely in the shadow of optimism, is not part of who they are. “Ahhh,” you might say, “They are a couple of Pollyannas, always looking at the world through rose-colored glasses.” But that, too, would be wrong. These are men who have lived through apartheid (for Tutu) and exile (for the Dalai Lama). They know the capacity we humans have to treat one another inhumanely. Like them, there are few among us who would fail to agree that we live in a time when there is much wrong with the world. Incessant war surely would rise to the top of many of our lists as we consider humanity’s need for redemption. What of the “isms” (racism, sexism, etc.) that have for so long been hidden from view and affected so many? With their scabs now torn away, are we not horrified to see the festering wounds they are in our society? Then there are the deceit, the indecency, and that next school shooting. And all these ailments pale in the face of the challenges our planet faces. Considering all these negatives, how are we to avoid the despair into which it could be so easy to fall? Do the archbishop and the dalai lama have something to teach us? Certainly, they draw from the deep well of their respective traditions – Buddhism and Christianity. They may be teachers to whom we would do well to listen. Are we ready? Do we want to learn what they have to teach us? The Book of Joy, a New York Times Bestseller, invites us into a conversation between these two great men that happened in 2015. In the chapter on despair, they imply that our focus on individualism has the unhelpful effect of turning us in on ourselves. If it is peace and joy we want in our lives, the dalai lama says, “We must have a sense of proportion and a wider perspective.” That sounds reasonable. A sense of proportion and a wider perspective do not, however, come that readily to many of us. We are distracted by everything with which we stay busy. Our engagement with the world is a limited and superficial one because of all that busyness. And so, to cope with the pain of the world, we coat our very thin and unsubstantial relationships with a veneer of optimism. When the pain becomes too much, though, or when the emotional overlay no longer protects us, optimism devolves to despair. Part of that happens because our engagements with the world are not so much “engagement with” as “information about.” Even our connections with those closest to us have become thinner and thinner than in any generation before us. Not long ago, I heard a speaker on neuroscience reflect that because our interactions with one another are so mediated by technology, we are changing what it means to be human. The great religions of the world have always agreed that it is only when we go deeply into ourselves that we will encounter our true humanity, the humanity we share with all other people. I wonder if Tutu and the dalai lama would also say that is where we will begin to gain the proportion and perspective we need. Letting go of our busyness, quieting our minds, sinking into our deepest hearts, there, hope will arise and ephemeral optimism for our future will give way to the certain and profound joy that is available at the heart of existence. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/does-dogma-sometimes-silence-you-me-too/</link>
        <title>Does dogma sometimes silence you? Me too</title>
        <description>It is a book that is culturally bound. It is the product of a culture even more repressive than our own. Why should women in particular give it any credence at all? Well, there are women, and there are women....</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 14 Feb 2018 17:18:46 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[In the light of Harvey Weinstein, #MeToo, and the rising movement of women who are speaking the truth of their lives, what can the Bible, a 2,000-year-old document, possibly have to say to women today? It is a book that is culturally bound. It is the product of a culture even more repressive than our own. Why should women in particular give it any credence at all? Well, there are women, and there are women. There are women who with deep sincerity read the Bible as though it has come from God’s mouth to the writers’ pens. To these women it is anathema that Biblical texts weren’t written with them, or any of us, in mind. They can’t fathom that what we call Holy Writ was instead directed toward the writers’ contemporaries. These women tend to be content with their place in a patriarchal system designed by men for men. They either feel safe there, are too afraid to exit such a system, or simply don’t know how. What’s more the system has taught them that the way things are is God’s will. It’s close to miraculous that any of us raised with that message have been able to see it for what it is and have stayed in the Church. For those of us, on the other hand, who understand the Bible to be the product of human endeavor, the question still arises, “Why bother with it?” Each of us has his or her own answer to that question. For me, the reason I bother with the Bible at all is that the story of Jesus is one of which I want to be a part. I value the arc of the human narrative the Bible conveys, told, albeit, through the eyes of a small, singular people in the Middle East and Jesus who came from among them. In that arc I see a story of hope for the human race. I see a story of liberation from bondage, both literal and metaphorical. I see a story of “power over” giving way to a story of “shared power.” I see a story of division and exclusion giving way to one of unity and radical inclusion. I see a story of selfishness and violence giving way to one of radical self-giving and non-violence. To me this is a compelling narrative. If it ever were to be manifested fully, it is a story that would change the world. Along with those men who are beginning to hear and embrace this story, women are the ones who are living into this new reality. They are: “nasty women” who will no longer bow to Biblical texts that demean them; “uppity women” who will no longer kowtow to threatened men (and the women still subservient to them) spouting, “because the Bible says so;” intelligent, strong, educated women who find in the story of Jesus a way of life that honors their humanity, cries out for their gifts, and calls them into service on behalf of all that is. Yes, the Bible is narrative that has been encrusted with centuries of dogma that has tried to silence women’s voices. But crack away all that hardened cultural overlay and the inequality it supports and what you will find is far different. The Bible is a narrative that moves slowly and inexorably toward the fullness of Love and the promise of new life. We women know about that. Each month we are reminded of that hope, that possibility, for new life. Our bodies tell us there is more than today. There is a future waiting to come into being. We also know, because too many of us have experienced it, that new life can be born of brutality and violence, of indifference and pain. For these reasons, and even more because we know our place in the universe is sacred, we will not keep silent any more. We, the Life-bearers, cry out. We add our voices to the narrative arc of the Bible and add our creative and generative energy to the cause of Life. When you see us who remain in the fold of the Church, do not assume we are yet under the thumb of “the way it always was.” We are bringing new life even within the shuddering walls of this doddering, once male-dominated institution. With our sisters and brothers whose hearts are open, with all other persons of goodwill who hear the call to the fullness of life, we are working and praying and singing and dancing a new existence into being ... an existence of compassion and love and equality and peace. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/a-place-of-eternal-torment-never/</link>
        <title>A place of eternal torment? Never</title>
        <description>Leigh Waggoner I could have engaged with Ann about the theo-historical development of the concept of Satan (see “The Origin of Satan” by Elaine Pagels), or I could have parsed Biblical scripture for her, but she was so distraught, I...</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 28 Jan 2018 20:03:33 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Leigh Waggoner I recently had a conversation with a woman that broke my heart. Let’s call her Ann. Ann is intelligent, inquisitive, and has a syndrome that leaves it difficult to tell by her behavior what her age is. She approached me insistent on learning where Satan came from. As we talked, it became clear that her real question was whether or not she was going to hell for misbehaving. I could have engaged with Ann about the theo-historical development of the concept of Satan (see “The Origin of Satan” by Elaine Pagels), or I could have parsed Biblical scripture for her, but she was so distraught, I simply told her my truth. I don’t believe in Satan. I don’t believe in hell. I do believe there is evil in the world and horrific things happen. How could I not, but a place of eternal torment? Never. Ann persisted, demanding to know what happens when we die. I told her no one really knows, but that I believe all life (her beloved pets’ included) enters a realm we can’t even imagine. In that realm, some of us are more able to experience the light of Love that is God and others of us have a more “dimmed” experience of it. It is as though we are farther “away” from the light. All of us, though, are in God’s presence. At that point she laughed and relaxed and said, “kind of like sitting in the back of the church.” I said, “exactly.” What damage the Church (and other religions) have done to innocent, ordinary people like Ann and all the rest of us who are just trying to live our lives as best we can! (Not what you expected to hear from a clergy person, I know.) I am aware that Christianity has been the source of much good – caring for those on the margins of society whose needs are legion, establishing and running hospitals, and founding institutions of learning at all levels. Without the church our society would be struggling to meet many of the needs the Church currently addresses. I know Christian faith has brought comfort and solace to untold numbers of people in times of crisis and loss. And I will not dispute that it has been a source of meaning to innumerable folks who have turned to it for direction. Christianity has done great good, there is no doubt about it. But, Lordy, how do we change the understanding that to be Christian means you have to sign on to a God whose M.O. is something other than just love, and I don’t mean loving you by teaching you a lesson? How do we help folks let go of a God known exclusively through Jesus who is willing to leave millions upon millions of non-Christians damned to hell? What is it going to take to change the teaching of the Church to reveal a God who does not turn the divine back on his/her/its own creatures because they don’t measure up in some way? Some of you will read this and respond, “What? That’s precisely why we need God and the Christian Church – to turn us to Jesus and to whip us into shape so we’ll be able to “get to heaven.” If you are one of those folks, unless you want your blood pressure to rise even more than it probably is right now, you might as well stop reading. Some of you will read this and respond that religion is a social construct designed to control the masses. I am painfully aware that religion has been (and continues to be) used that way. It seems to me though, non-anthropologist that I am, that religion may be an inclination natural to our species. Not just spirituality, religion. Religion: when we align ourselves with others and, together, acknowledge our place in the universe. Religion: when, together, we voice our gratitude to the “something more” that we sense is the creative cause for everything that is. Religion: when we gather and, together, support one another as we try to live lives that are more grounded in compassion toward all of creation. We live in a time when religion is linked, as it too often is, to political narrative. It is once again (or maybe, still is) manipulating humanity toward divisive and destructive ends. Rather than throw the religious baby out with the social bathwater, I would ask, “How do we pry the two apart? How can the Anns of the world, the ordinary folks trying to live lives of integrity find communities that will satisfy their religious impulse but will not distort it by linking it with fear, shame, guilt, and a message of exclusion? I don’t know. Perhaps it’s one brave congregation at a time, willing to say, “The way we’ve always been taught is not the way of Jesus.” Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/being-decisive-has-its-drawbacks/</link>
        <title>Being decisive has its drawbacks</title>
        <description>He began by reviewing an experiment that showed that once we have decided how something is (whether that is a concept, a thing, or how something works), we react to contrary information in one of two ways. Some of us...</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2017 15:54:45 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Recently a friend sent me a link to an episode of John Lienhard’s radio program “Engines of Our Ingenuity” on which he addressed the topic of decisiveness. While Lienhard is an engineer, his thoughts struck me as pertinent to the realms of faith and religion. He began by reviewing an experiment that showed that once we have decided how something is (whether that is a concept, a thing, or how something works), we react to contrary information in one of two ways. Some of us will change our minds to acknowledge what is new. Others of us, however, will dig our heels in and cling fiercely to our initial understanding. No matter how many times we are exposed to that which contradicts what we have already decided is so, we will not budge. Because we are decisive, we will live with the discomfort of cognitive dissonance created by our refusal to change. In a world with innumerable choices about so many things, decisiveness seems like it would be a good thing. Without the ability to cease considering our options we could become interminably bogged down in a never-ending process of weighing and sorting. Being open to new ideas and new discoveries, however, is what positions us for expanded knowledge, deeper understanding, a more thorough and authentic engagement with the world. That’s obviously true for engineering, for research, for science of all kinds, but is it true in the realm of religion? Should it be? For many folks who claim Christianity, they know that what they have been taught is the only (and true) way to understand the Faith. They resist engaging with anything that might draw them to question (God forbid) the Bible as Mrs. Jones spoon-fed it to them in Sunday School when they were children. Questions lead only to a loss of faith, or worse yet, heresy. But that is not how it is with all Christians. Some of us recognize that there is not just one faithful way to understand Jesus. History (and the Bible itself) tells us that since Jesus’ earliest followers gathered in small communities there have been questions about him and different answers to those questions. In the same way scientific understanding has developed, so has theological understanding. New information is discovered. It is tested for authenticity. It is either discarded or embraced. And for a time, it is how we understand things. Then the process begins all over. In our day, these new understandings have come from archaeology, the study of linguistics, comparative religion, history and anthropology. Christianity has never been a single entity. There have always been faithful Christians spread along a wide continuum of understanding. What has defined where they are on that spectrum has been, one might say, how open to indecision they have been. Those who were locked into a decisive embrace of the Bible as the literal word of God have been at one end. Those who have not reached for certainty in their engagement with Biblical scripture have been at the other end. Today is no different. No matter where Christians are on that spectrum, though, they all are gathered around the person of Jesus. What that means for them depends on how decisive they feel the need to be. Lienhard says, “The fact is, we never need to make decisions. What we need to do is to take action.” With all due respect to our sisters and brothers for whom “making a decision for Christ” is fundamental to their Christian identity, in a pluralistic world where enmity is so often driven by entrenched religiosity, I will take my stand with the undecided and will be about the active work of living, as best I can, like Jesus. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/change-our-story-change-the-world/</link>
        <title>Change our story, change the world</title>
        <description>As a society, we have drifted farther and farther away from something called a “center.” We live in a time of deep polarization that leads to tensions in the international sphere, in our own political realm, even in religion and...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 14 Nov 2017 21:53:29 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[I doubt that there are many folks who wouldn’t agree that our world could benefit from some change. Not everyone would agree, however, what that change should look like. As a society, we have drifted farther and farther away from something called a “center.” We live in a time of deep polarization that leads to tensions in the international sphere, in our own political realm, even in religion and within families. Many of us are left feeling vulnerable and at risk. Who wouldn’t want the world to change? “Change the story and you change the perception. Change the perception and you change the world.” (Jean Houston) If Houston is right, we would do well to ask what the stories are that drive the perceptions we have about our world. I wouldn’t presume to try to identify them all, but there are some that, even to me, are glaring. I suspect that most folks, if given the time, could name them. The two that jump out at me are: power and the use of violence are required if we are going to have security and peace; and the “other guys,” especially those who are different from us, are the bad guys. Our ever-expanding militarism and gun culture aimed at “protecting” ourselves from “those people” (fill in the blank – Muslim/ terrorist/ black/ mentally ill) attest to these silent but powerful narratives. We have told and retold these stories so many times that they have become the air we breathe. We rarely take time to question whether they are true, much less beneficial to life on a small planet. And few of us go so far as to entertain the notion that there might be different, more salutary stories by which we could live. As a Christian, I find it disheartening, if not disturbing, that many of my sisters and brothers in the faith perceive the Bible through the lenses of these two cultural narratives. Like warped glass in a microscope or a telescope, these stories deform and twist what we think we see. For Christians, it is our scripture that becomes distorted, because we come to it already believing we “know” what it says. We then cherry pick passages to justify what we “know” and ignore the arc of the Christian story. Even more alarming, we simply don’t pay attention to the message of Jesus. We inhale these cultural stories of power, violence and our own exceptionalism from our birth. We have grown up with structures that work to maintain their domination in the larger narrative of our corporate life. Not least among those structures is an economy that heavily depends on a large military. But these cultural stories, while threaded through our shared life, are not hardwired into our DNA. We do have the capacity to extricate ourselves from them. Stories have power, but they are just that – stories. And we could, if we had the imagination and the will, tell different stories. They could be stories that would change our perception of ourselves, of others, and ultimately of the world. Einstein wrote, “Logic will get you from A to Z; imagination will get you everywhere.” I can imagine a time when more of us Christians stop using these cultural, death-dealing narratives as lenses through which to see Jesus and the texts his followers have gathered around him, the Bible. But it takes courage to challenge centuries’ long traditions, especially when those traditions will not give way easily. Telling a new story that can serve as a different lens for reading Christian scriptures will unsettle many. Those who don’t recognize how distinct and distant our cultural narrative is from the arc of the Biblical story will cry “heresy.” Those who are heavily invested in the old story of domination and violence will cry “unpatriotic.” For people of imagination, it will not be an easy time. Collectively we will gasp for air as the old stories lose their power and influence to sustain life. It will feel as if we don’t know who we are or how we can live. The vulnerability and riskiness of life these days will feel as nothing. But with enough brave and creative folks to help us change our perceptions by changing our stories, I can imagine that we really could change the world. Can you? Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/into-the-still-of-night/</link>
        <title>Into the still of night</title>
        <description>Dark. Quiet. Still. No one had been on the roads. Houses were still unlit. But as I sat there, gathering myself together to begin my day, in the light of the car’s headlamps there was movement. First one, then another,...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 17 Oct 2017 19:43:30 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[I pulled into the parking lot and turned off the engine. It wasn’t that much earlier than I usually arrive at church on Sunday mornings, but I was struck by how it was still night. Dark. Quiet. Still. No one had been on the roads. Houses were still unlit. But as I sat there, gathering myself together to begin my day, in the light of the car’s headlamps there was movement. First one, then another, leaves fell from a tree that grew along the sidewalk. The leaves didn’t flutter. They just gently dropped. Others followed. One here. Two there. Unseen by anyone, they disengaged from the tree. Silently, they fell. Why it was strange, I don’t know, but it was. Perhaps because I’d never considered that leaves might fall at night. Perhaps because their motion stood out in contrast to the stillness of everything else. Perhaps because there was no sound, no real color, nothing but the unexpected appearance of their downward motion. I then wondered about other things in this world that I never notice as they “let go” – critters and plants and people releasing from everything and everyone that supports them in life. I thought about their quiet journey into what I trust is that good night. I pondered the inevitability of it; how most of what is born, matures and then as everything else, eventually dies. It either lets go of life with the grace and gentleness of those leaves in the dark, or not. We are all vulnerable to the flow that is life and death. It is built into the fabric of creation. The Buddhists say that all life is suffering. I suppose it depends on how you define suffering. Those leaves did not seem to be suffering to me. They seemed to be doing what leaves do. With our big brains and our self-awareness, though, we humans grasp for life We create and latch onto an illusion that we are invulnerable, that we have a measure of say about our lives that we simply don’t have. But no matter how repeatedly we tell ourselves the lie of our autonomous independence, creation will have its way with us. If by no other means than our aging, we will have wrenched from our grip the fantasy that we are in control. Illness, accident, loss of those we love – all these, in most lives, pave the way for our own letting go. There is only the question of how we will embrace our vulnerability. Will we do it gently and with dignity, or will we struggle and deny this truth at the heart of our humanity? The poet David Whyte in his work “Consolations” suggests that, “The only choice we have as we mature is how we inhabit our vulnerability, How we become larger and more courageous and more compassionate Through our intimacy with disappearance, our choice is to inhabit Vulnerability as generous citizens of loss, robustly and fully, or conversely, As misers and complainers, reluctant and fearful ...” As a culture, we do little to prepare ourselves for this “intimacy with disappearance.” We not only deny our own vulnerability, we also actively resist its reality in our lives. But what if there were a school for learning vulnerability, a practice stage on which to rehearse it? What might that look like? For those of us who are Christian that is not such a foreign notion. We follow the Christ, born a defenseless babe. We take as our model Jesus, who had the courage to stand firmly in the place of nonviolence, vulnerable to those with power who would use violence against him. Letting go can take many forms. It can be practiced. It can be learned. It is, after all, part of our nature. If we want internal peace, struggling against our truest selves will never be the way. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/to-every-thing-a-season/</link>
        <title>To every thing, a season?</title>
        <description>Of course, any of these can be rushed. Modern technology and pharmacology can be brought to bear as a woman labors to bring forth new life. As a rule, though, the less intervention, the better the outcome for mother and...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 15 Aug 2017 19:26:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[There are things in this world that best ought not be hurried. Many of them lie within the purview of women – birth, the rising of bread, a holy death among them. Of course, any of these can be rushed. Modern technology and pharmacology can be brought to bear as a woman labors to bring forth new life. As a rule, though, the less intervention, the better the outcome for mother and baby. Give yeast less time than it needs to do its work, and the loaf will fall short of its potential. Hasten death, and what could be holy time is forfeited. In my life, I have been privileged to assist over 500 women as they labored to bring their children into this world. I have fed my family with untold numbers of loaves I have kneaded with my own hands and let rise in the dark under my tea towel. And as a priest, I have accompanied up to the threshold of the next world those who were dying; as a mother, most recently my own son, Joshua. Leaving the home where a new little human had entered the world I was often keenly aware that those who had not been present were oblivious to the sacred unfolding that had just happened. They had no sense that everything – everything! – was different. Life/God/the Universe had done what it does, and since everything is connected, nothing would ever be the same again. The same is true of death. When pain is controlled and suffering is alleviated, moving toward death can be as sacred as the time moving toward a birth. And with the death, everything changes. Push any one of these processes, and the natural outcome will be affected – sometimes for good, but very often for ill. Things are made to work. The system within which we live is finely tuned. In the eternal scheme of things, patience most often really is a virtue. That’s easy to say on a theoretical or systemic level. It can become more difficult to embrace on a personal level. Letting things unfold is not our way in this culture. We are doers. We control our environment. We make things easier, less painful, more immediate. We certainly don’t want anyone to have to wait, especially if that could involve discomfort, much less loss of control. That said, it seems anathema to me that suffering is ever good. (I know there are those who find deep meaning in a redemptive value to suffering. I just don’t happen to.) I am also aware that suffering has no universal definition. What is incapacitating pain to one is simply bothersome discomfort to another. It seems, though, that we first-world folks assume it is our right to expect no inconvenience, no discomfort, no sadness, nothing that would impinge on our pursuit of happiness. And letting things unfold runs the risk of wandering into the territory of “not happy.” Consider the pain of childbirth. Medication or no medication, the baby gets born. Why endure unnecessary pain if you don’t have to? The question, though, might be reframed, “What is the value of consciously moving through the pain of childbirth?” Is there some value to dealing with pain (or loss or sadness or having to wait) by simply meeting it on its own terms? I can think of many benefits. At the least, letting things unfold can teach us to accept and engage with Nature (of which, lest we forget, we are a part) on Nature’s own terms. It can teach us humility in the face of a Creation (and we religious types might add a Creator) far greater than our puny selves. Letting birth, death, and the working of yeast unfold ... is this a capacity the world might need? Are we women, and all who are in touch with the feminine in our humanity, abdicating a gift that keeps us in harmony with the Natural Order (God’s order, if you will), because we have bought into a mindset that tells us to fear pain, to be impatient, and to try to control our world? I wonder if the “pursuit of happiness” has so warped us that we can no longer find peace in the very world of which we are a part. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/we-live-by-story-choose-how-we-live/</link>
        <title>We live by story, choose how we live</title>
        <description>Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn It seems it might depend on a number of factors, most especially the bent the particular brand of religion takes. Within Christianity, the only religion about which I have credentials to speak, understandings of the Bible, our sacred...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 11 Jul 2017 18:01:48 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=1455D84C-E277-422E-92D8-E5E13C1CC28B&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn Not every religion has a sacred text. Among those that do, I’ve been pondering what their role might be in our 21st century world – a world of pluralism, science and technology and rapid global change. It seems it might depend on a number of factors, most especially the bent the particular brand of religion takes. Within Christianity, the only religion about which I have credentials to speak, understandings of the Bible, our sacred text, run the gamut from it being God’s literal word, to it being texts written by humans who were inspired by God, and to being a record of how the Jewish community of which Jesus was a part and the early community of his followers understood the world, God, and their relationship to God. For those Christians for whom Biblical scripture is the literal word of God (never mind all the exegetical problems that entails), the text becomes the raison d’etre for every single thing that happens in the world. While it provides its adherents clear parameters for their lives, it can, and also has become the justification for the conversion, if not the annihilation of all those who do not share the adherent’s understanding of the Bible. In a world where our future as a species depends more and more on our learning to cooperate and care for one another, this approach to the use of a text seems problematic. For those for whom Biblical scripture is the work of human writers yet inspired by God, the texts are often used as the source of guidance for how to live according to “God’s will.” These adherents find comfort in knowing the way in which they should walk. This use of scripture is typically a bit softer and not used so much of a bludgeon in its correction of those who have not “seen the light.” These “true believers,” however, still often feel justified in convincing the “lost soul” of the truth as they know it to be. And for those for whom the Bible is a record of stories of an ancient people told to explain the world, God, and their relationship to both, these texts function in an entirely different way. They are no longer prescriptive in the way they are for the other groups of believers. They no longer have the authority to tell anyone the one right way they should believe and/or act. For this group, the Bible becomes descriptive – descriptive of an unfolding story. Whether some of the stories are factual, or they all are relegated to metaphor, taken together they create a narrative thread. Even though bound by time and culture like all stories are, for its adherents this narrative carries truth. It is, as well, a thread that is ongoing and that we who subscribe to it can choose to inhabit, to live within. The way we do that is to make the practices inherent to this Christian narrative our own – practices like confession, forgiveness, self-giving, care for those in need, prayer and meditation, and rituals that make of disparate persons one people. That is the way, it seems to me, that sacred texts in this scientific age, in a pluralistic society, can continue to have relevance. We all live by story. Our culture offers us the stories of acquisition, power, rabid individualism and violence as a solution to differences. Some religions, including more fundamentalist Christianity, offer us the story of the one right way. A more progressive Christianity, however, offers a different narrative, one that allows for continuity with the past and (not but) takes into account the knowledge and needs of the present day. We all live by story. We have a choice by which story we choose to live. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/whatever-will-be-will-be/</link>
        <title>Whatever will be, will be?</title>
        <description>Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn The question has to do with the notion of radical acceptance: “When should we just let things be what they are and unfold as they will?” Expansions on that question are such queries as (take a deep breath):...</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 06 Jul 2017 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=819749F1-35FE-46F7-91BE-F64E3E2B3659&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Leigh Waggonerdu1-i-syn There is a question that has been trying to form in my mind of late. I say “trying” because depending on the context in which the question is applied, it takes on various nuances and permutations. The question has to do with the notion of radical acceptance: “When should we just let things be what they are and unfold as they will?” Expansions on that question are such queries as (take a deep breath): “When is it right to forgo an active response, withhold our resistance, or choose not to retaliate in the face of a wrong, a danger, or a threat?” To what extent is it wise to trust that, given time, negative or destructive entities will self-correct – entities like specific individuals, a government, the stock market, the weather, cancer? Is it ever wise to just let those play out? Can we really ever change anything/ anyone else, or is it only ourselves we can affect? Is acceptance ever a virtue? Is it always a virtue? When life is not going as we think it should, won’t we be part of the problem if we don’t respond? (Remember “all it takes for evil to succeed is for good people to do nothing.” Or so we are told.) Is there a way to respond that doesn’t just pump more tension and negativity into the social system? Does struggle have to be the opposite of radical acceptance? Does acceptance preclude hope for change? If not, how are they related? Where we draw our lines between acceptance and whatever the opposite is, how do we decide where to do that? Are those lines absolute, or are they contextual? How’s that for a slug of questions? Even among religious people, in our culture these remain active questions. That may not be the case in other cultures among their religious folks. I do not know. There are those among us who always come down on the side of response and action. For the rest of us, these questions arise. I suspect that is at least in part because we live in a culture that has made it a noble cause to “fight” against – you name it – cancer, illiteracy, drugs, ISIS. The list goes on. We are proud to be a strong people. Some might even call us a warrior people. We don’t sit on the sidelines; that is for weaklings. We jump in. We take charge. And yet, unless we have become addicted to the adrenaline that comes with always being in opposition to the next thing, individually most of us really do want peace – peace in our hearts and in our personal lives, at least. It seems the deep peace for which we long can come only when we have let go of striving ... when we rest in the moment. Maybe you know another way, but that seems right to me. For some of us, we have so much fear that we will only be able to let go of our striving when whatever that is of which we are afraid is gone … eliminated. And so whether we actively engage in opposition to what seems wrong or bad, or we don’t, opposition begins to define the background, if not the foreground, of our lives. But why are we so afraid? Perhaps it’s because we do not trust the inherent goodness or rightness of the moment. We do not trust that creation is unfolding rightly – in harmony with itself – or if you are religious, in harmony with how God created things to be. Maybe whatever ill we perceive is besetting us, or our loved ones, or our country, or the planet, we do not sense that it will eventually come to some equilibrium. But people will either heal, or they will die from cancer. The government will shift. The really irritating person in the next cubicle at work will either quit or we will throttle them. (Oh, maybe not that.) The environment will rid itself of destructive elements, and new forms will emerge. Changed though it will be, life will go on. Can we find no peace in that? Are we so ego-centered that it has to be our own little life that must go just as we want? Of course we love our lives, and we love those who are in our lives. We love this glorious world in which we get to live. But if we are injecting into it anxiety, tension, and mounting frustration that might eventually spill over into anger, hate, and all their negative expressions, we are creating the very world we do not want. Jesus said, “Blessed are the peacemakers.” Maybe peace – deep, abiding peace – begins with radical acceptance, the fruit of trust. Whether that trust is in the universe or in God, the result will be the same. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/letting-go-of-fear-and-living-in-love/</link>
        <title>Letting go of fear and living in Love</title>
        <description>In the story, he arrives riding a donkey accompanied by the cheers of ordinary folks who put palm branches on the road before him. King Herod is entering the town from the opposite direction. Riding a war horse, he is...</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2017 09:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[For those of us in churches that follow a liturgical calendar, the celebration of Holy Week is here. It began with Palm Sunday, the day Christians remember Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem at Passover. In the story, he arrives riding a donkey accompanied by the cheers of ordinary folks who put palm branches on the road before him. King Herod is entering the town from the opposite direction. Riding a war horse, he is accompanied by armed soldiers. Palm Sunday is a study in power: power exercised by force and power of a different kind – the power that is Love. Whether this story is historically accurate or not does not diminish the truth it carries. The Herods of this world still accompany their legions as they roam the towns and cities of the world. They ride roughshod over innocents everywhere, all for their own gain. Their motivations are many, but the source of those motivations is almost always fear: fear of insufficiency, fear of loss, fear of humiliation. And per Christian teachings it is Love that can cast out fear (1 John 4:18) So, the God whom we Christians define as Love engages in this world with fear and those whom fear motivates. And, because we say that we are the hands and feet and lips of Christ in our time, perhaps even the loving heart of Christ, it matters how we engage with others. While it may be tempting to Christians to think this work of Love is ours alone, it is not. It is the work of all humans. Each religion speaks to this in one form or another. Even most of our humanist and atheist brothers and sisters can agree that it is best when we work and will for the well-being of all others – which is what Love is. In the face of the tyranny, oppression, and out and out violence that diminish, subjugate, or harm any of God’s creation, human or otherwise, it is Love (willing and working for the well-being of all others) that can shift the arc of history. It is only Love that will transform our world – save it if you will. Returning violence for violence will only entrench and lead to more violence. There are those who say nonviolence is a fool’s response to the Herods of the world. They truly believe that power exercised as force is the only reasonable way to react to aggression, cruelty, and oppression. History would argue against that point, but it is true that nonviolent resistance has its costs. Beginning on Palm Sunday, Holy Week will move inexorably toward Good Friday. For us who are Christian (I cannot speak for other religions), the way Jesus engaged with those who exercised power forcefully says to us that the cost of living Herod’s way is far greater than the cost of death. And the Christian story is that this truth is validated by resurrection. When we live in fear of Herod, we get stuck on Good Friday and succumb to the pattern in which violence begets violence. We forfeit our power to Love. Learning Love does not come easily to most of us. We have Love too much tied up with our feelings rather than our will and our actions. That allows us to find all kinds of reasons to not love our neighbors as ourselves. We are particularly ready to justify not loving our enemies. But the teaching of Jesus is clear that we are instead to “love (our) neighbor as (ourself)” and “love (our) enemies and do good to those who hate (us.) Luke 6;27 To the extent that we are able to let go of fear and live in Love, we are free from all that keeps us from peace, both as individuals and as a species. In an environment whose hallmark is Love, the Herods of the world will not have the last say. Leigh Waggoner is priest at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. She can be reached at 565-7865, or rector@stbarnabascortez.org.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/dollars-rise-should-help-consumers/</link>
        <title>Dollar’s rise should help consumers</title>
        <description>Yes, there’s news like U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz’s announcement that he is throwing his hat into the Republican presidential contest. Yes, there’s news of Benjamin Netenyahu’s election as the next prime minister of Israel. And my current favorite, South Koreans...</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 30 Oct 2016 11:02:06 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[There’s a lot going on at home and in the world these days. But the rising value of the dollar sticks out for economists. Yes, there’s news like U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz’s announcement that he is throwing his hat into the Republican presidential contest. Yes, there’s news of Benjamin Netenyahu’s election as the next prime minister of Israel. And my current favorite, South Koreans activists want to send thousands of DVDs of the movie “The Interview” via balloons to North Korea – a foolproof method of getting rid of President-for-Life Kim Jong-un. Among the hubbub, you may have lost track of the U.S. dollar’s recent rapid appreciation against other currencies – for example, gaining 25 percent against the euro – in past six months. So what does it mean? Well, for one, it might be a good year to consider foreign travel. Or replace your foreign skis or tennis racket. But this effects us in other ways, as well. First, it will lead to a worsening trade balance, which, depending on how you want to look at it, is good or bad. It is bad for sectors that export as the price of these exports rise sharply, depending on the amount of exchange rate “pass through” of course. This is particularly important given recent price shocks in oil markets, and it is ominous for workers in the energy sector. It’s good for buyers of foreign goods and the countries that produce them. The American economy needs a healthy rest of the world as a market for our exports, all roughly $1.5 trillion of them. The dollar’s rise also helps keep our inflation in check. Cheaper imported goods – everything from tennis rackets to a room at the Savoy Hotel in London – ensure that the prices of many of the goods we buy remain low. And that’s good news for the Fed. With inflation low, the Fed is under less pressure to raise interest rates – something everyone expects soon, but now there’s a slight cloud of uncertainty as to when exactly. In fact, the Fed may be less willing to raise rates precisely because the dollar has appreciated. In fact, much of the rise in the dollar has been caused by the European Central Bank’s decision, finally, to do some quantitative easing. As mentioned above, a stronger dollar hurts exports, and, with the U.S. economy still staggering a bit, it doesn’t need another shock to pull it back into the mire. The Fed’s potential delay impacted us in other ways as well, particularly in financial markets, cheap money buoys stock markets. Subtle signals from the Fed’s last policy meeting pushed stock markets and the dollar up in one fell swoop. And nudged interest rates back down. So now we can all get back to the business of buying stuff and pondering balloons laden with DVDs floating to North Korea. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is a professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/weather-alters-your-day-and-your-economy/</link>
        <title>Weather alters your day and your economy</title>
        <description>Dread that I, like many others in the area, would be spending the next four hours shoveling tons of snow from my driveway, deck and sidewalk – and associated back pain. Dread that, at some point, the snowplow would come...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2015 09:30:42 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Waking up Monday morning filled me with a sense of both dread and joy. Dread that I, like many others in the area, would be spending the next four hours shoveling tons of snow from my driveway, deck and sidewalk – and associated back pain. Dread that, at some point, the snowplow would come and block me in with a wall of snow. And dread that with all this snow comes lots of mud. The joy, of course, is obvious. Joy that lovers of winter sports would be able to strap on whatever accoutrements their chosen activity requires. Joy that local businesses that rely on snow would attract more economic activity. Joy that in a few months, runoffs will draw river revelers to come play, float and fish. And, perhaps most importantly, the water tables and reservoirs would once again fill up, mitigating a potentially dangerous drought. But, perhaps inevitably, as I watched the snow, my attention turned to how the myriad of recent weather is affecting our economy. Would all this moisture offset western North America’s worst drought since 1314? No, that’s not a typo. This, of course, has conspired to raise agriculture prices the past few years. Fortunately, trade minimizes the impacts on American’s pocketbooks. On the other extreme, how have the blizzards in the Northeast, Midwest and South of 2015 affected our economy? Given that close to 60 percent of U.S. gross domestic product is produced in these regions, one can only imagine it might knock off a couple fractions of a percent of GDP growth this year. Reflections on weather soon led to me to cast my gaze further afield. On the horizon, we are fortunate to have both a sunset and sunrise. A couple of strikes are also causing “man-made” weather. Most widely discussed is the West Coast dockworker strike that I suspect will push prices for goods up, at least until the bottleneck can be loosened. The problems is even worse for perishable goods caught in the brouhaha. Thankfully, the strike part is over − a glorious sunset. However, the impact has a global impact for trans-Pacific trade, in both directions. Estimates are that freeing up ports and trade could take several months. Now, refinery workers are on strike − an unwanted sunrise. For consumers, the timing is good, oil prices are still in the $50 per barrel range – and look to remain below $64 per barrel for the next two years. In addition, many refineries are either scheduled to close for annual maintenance or retooling to change from winter to summer formulations. For domestic oil producers and associated industries, the timing isn’t so good. Oil prices are already low – for some, lower than the extraction costs. Fortunately, not much labor is required in refining. Nevertheless, this likely will have a small impact on gas prices. This is all so abstract. I think it’s time to wax up the boards. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/a-vintage-economy-is-like-a-vintage-wine/</link>
        <title>A vintage economy is like a vintage wine</title>
        <description>Combine this with the right micro-climate, and you get oenological bliss. Cross the wires, and all bets are off. And what of the 2014 vintage for the economy? Let me make some suggestions. Well, it is a bit precocious at...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2014 14:23:43 -0700</pubDate>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">6CDE3915-7E47-4F29-B57B-D5466FAD7C80</guid>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[A mixture of weather patterns and the micro-climate in which a grape grows affects the vintage of any given grape. For example, Shiraz likes it dry and sunny, while sauvignon blanc prefers wet and cool weather. Combine this with the right micro-climate, and you get oenological bliss. Cross the wires, and all bets are off. And what of the 2014 vintage for the economy? Let me make some suggestions. Well, it is a bit precocious at the moment, but while there are signs of better things to come, it’s hard to say whether you should hold or drink now. Sure the unemployment rate is coming down fast. In November, it hit 5.8 percent, 1.2 percent below last year. Drink or hold? Well, at the moment, I’d drink. But the employment-population ratio hasn’t budged more than a half percent in the past four years, and the number of long-term unemployed is still a bit high. Both the unemployment rate and the number of long-term unemployed will be adversely affected when would-be workers rejoin the labor force – neither of these statistics account for workers who quit looking for work. Ah, but real gross domestic product grew 5 percent in the third quarter. Hold. Productivity and nonresidential investment in the U.S. has been reinvigorated this year, with investment growing 8.9 percent in third quarter. This is a sign that firms are gaining confidence and increasing production. This can lead to only greater GDP growth down the road. Thus far this year, personal income has outpaced inflation, and real incomes are growing as labor productivity improves. This is a double-edged sword, as firms can make more with fewer employees, hence I’m drinking labor markets now. Residential investment should continue to make progress with interest rates likely to remain low for the foreseeable future. However, complexities in the bank system and lending practices may slow recovery. I’d say drink, but maybe a little immature at the moment. I’d give the same advice for economic policy. Fiscal policy seems ready to drink. 2008 was a difficult year, and vintners had to scramble to put together decent varietals. It was a gamble, but it is paying off. Monetary policy is still a little young, but drinkable. The Fed still sees a somewhat bumpy road ahead, particularly in labor markets, and so seem prepared to keep interest rates low through mid-2015; by then, we should see a return to “normal” Fed policy. I think 2014 will be a transformational year, one where we’ve learned more about our micro-climate and are figuring out the best grapes to cultivate. Be sure to join us at 8 a.m. Jan. 7 at the Fort Lewis College Community Concert Hall for the Southwest Business Forum. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/political-fliers-dont-make-good-econ-textbooks/</link>
        <title>Political fliers don’t make good econ textbooks</title>
        <description>Most of those voters have already made their decisions, but that doesn’t seem to stop any number of tax-exempt political organizations from showering hapless voters with a seemingly endless supply of fliers. Fliers of dubious quality. Sure, the paper stock...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2014 14:28:02 -0600</pubDate>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">D5F8A30B-ADA0-407B-BDC6-4051A39B1E13</guid>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[In about a month’s time, less than half of eligible voters will be exercising their right and heading to polls to make their electoral choices. Most of those voters have already made their decisions, but that doesn’t seem to stop any number of tax-exempt political organizations from showering hapless voters with a seemingly endless supply of fliers. Fliers of dubious quality. Sure, the paper stock is nice – glossy and thick – but the words within are generally without merit. So over the past month or so, I’ve taken it upon myself to collect the fliers I’ve received to separate the wheat from the chaff. Fortunately, a couple of things become immediately apparent. First, though the fliers look different, the content is the same. The majority of the fliers that made their way to my mailbox were from Colorado Citizens for Accountable Government, or CCAG. This immediately reduced the actual content by more than one half. And second, the content was, for lack of a better word, copy-and-paste. A few different pictures, the addition of the word “poodle” and you’ve got new information. As it turns out, the majority of the fliers I received are from Republican-based organizations. I guess it’s because the GOP is going after Independent voters which, according to a recent Gallup poll, now make up about 42 percent of all voters nationally. And, according to the same poll, only 25 percent are registered Republicans. Here in Colorado, a battleground – battleground? – state, the numbers are even more difficult to parse out: 42 percent of voters are Democrat or leaning that way and 42 percent lean or are Republican. In my capacity, I will steer clear of emotional, religious, or belief-centered election topics – abortion, gun control, gay marriage, etc. – and concentrate on the economic topics, as these are fodder for ethicists, religious leaders and scientists. My current favorite comes from CCAG. In its information-packed mailer, they contend that Mike McLachlan, the Democratic candidate for state representative, (could have) “destroyed 119,700” Colorado jobs by voting for a tax hike. OK, but let’s read the fine print. The source for this gem of economic analysis is, with all due respect, the pagosadailypost.com, not exactly The Wall Street Journal or Financial Times. I could not find such an article. The closest I found was an economic-impact study. However, the data tells a slightly different story: Since the above-mentioned ghost citation was released Colorado has 4 percent more jobs and the unemployment rate is about 45 percent lower. The situation in La Plata is little different – for the good. Employment is about 7 percent higher, and the local labor force is line with the rest of the state. Unemployment is 35 percent lower. Clearly, right-leaning organizations do not have a monopoly on hyperbole nor misleading statistics. In fact, both parties rely on a level of voter culpability to elect their chosen ones. It’s time for voters to call out these organizations. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/data-looking-good-if-you-believe-the-numbers/</link>
        <title>Data looking good if you believe the numbers</title>
        <description>Despite recent job-creation numbers below what many expected, which I suspect is a glitch, the U.S. economy’s performance is stellar when compared with other Western developed countries. U.S. inflation-adjusted gross domestic product growth has hovered around 2 percent the past...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2014 17:01:00 -0600</pubDate>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">E5DC323D-76AD-4D16-9AAC-068AB9A4E6AB</guid>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Well, relatively good news about the U.S. economy has been hitting the press this year. Despite recent job-creation numbers below what many expected, which I suspect is a glitch, the U.S. economy’s performance is stellar when compared with other Western developed countries. U.S. inflation-adjusted gross domestic product growth has hovered around 2 percent the past four years or so, recovering from a negative 4 percent growth during the recent recession. Colorado has outperformed the U.S. economy, with state GDP growth continuing to climb, through 2013. And La Plata County? Local personal income, a proxy for GDP, growth fell more sharply, about negative 6 percent, than the state during the recession, but it has rebounded more quickly than Colorado. For 2012, the most recent data available, La Plata County’s growth equaled the state’s. And the good news doesn’t end there. The unemployment rate in the county is a seasonally adjusted 5 percent, down from just over 7 percent, about 0.5 percent lower than in the state, and 1 percent below the national average. However, an alternative measure of local labor markets, the employment-population ratio, is less auspicious. Like the rest of the country, data show labor markets have barely budged since 2010, though some demographic changes are at play. Things are looking good at the micro level, particularly with respect to tourism. The Fort Lewis College Office of Business and Economic Research’s tourist index is about where it was when the Great Recession began, recovering about 15 percent since 2011. Planes, trains and Mesa Verde National Park all have seen improvements compared with the past few years. A result mimicked by Durango’s retail tax receipts. Real estate markets have recovered and leveled off somewhat. Inflation-adjusted median home prices for La Plata County have stabilized and hover in the $250,000 range, in 2007 prices. Building permits are also on the rise, according to the most recent data available. Positive, too, is the local bank sector. Deposits, while leveling off for the past year or so, climbed back following the recession. Bank assets, which understandably took a hit during the recession, are on the road back to where they were before the housing bubble burst. Given that I am an economist, you know there almost has to be some skepticism – I won’t go so far as to call it gloom and doom. Economists are concerned about the low rates of inflation – something the Fed is also concerned with. Nationally, the core rate of inflation – that inflation less energy and food price increases – is below the Fed’s 2 percent threshold. Look for the Fed to keep interest rates low to fuel some inflation. In Durango, inflation is running a bit higher. I’m also concerned the unemployment rate hides issues in labor markets. While the “official” unemployment rate is 6.1 percent, the rate that includes discouraged and marginal workers, is twice that. Slowly, I’m gaining confidence, if only ... sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College. On the NetOffice of Business and Economic Research: www.fortlewis.edu/ober]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/education-pays-but-that-may-be-changing/</link>
        <title>Education pays, but that may be changing</title>
        <description>Education prices, which are growing faster than overall prices, also is nothing new. Also familiar is the constant reminder that students are unable to graduate in four years. Other anecdotal evidence points to the fact that college education is not...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2014 11:40:52 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[That education is strongly associated with economic growth and higher income over one’s lifetime is nothing new. A bachelor’s degree is, on average, worth about $830,000 more than a high school diploma. Education prices, which are growing faster than overall prices, also is nothing new. Also familiar is the constant reminder that students are unable to graduate in four years. Other anecdotal evidence points to the fact that college education is not preparing students for a “real job.” The second Bush administration introduced “No Child Left Behind.” The goal was to raise primary and secondary education outcomes, which linger in the bottom one-third of developed countries, to be able to compete with our counterparts. Noble. However, if a school was unable to meet certain requirements, such as passing standardized tests, money was yanked away. Brilliant. Anybody could see that incentives were set up to ensure passing the test but not necessarily to require any learning. But learning is what I thought education is for – and learning can, in most circumstances, lead to higher income. Students may be good at passing standardized tests, but at college, they are underprepared. As it turns out, about 60 percent of American college students require some remedial classes. So, before a single college course is taken, some students may require close to one year of additional training. One more year of college and loans – and at higher prices. What many of these same people don’t discuss, however, is that public support for education has been sliding. Between 2002 and 2010, state funding for University of Colorado at Boulder fell more than 50 percent. Simultaneously, the federal government has cut low-interest loans to students, requiring them to rely on private-funding sources and credit cards. Now, a greater number of students, about 71 percent, have part- or full-time jobs in addition to loans. This is generally not a problem for high-income families. Recently, the Obama administration decided to rank colleges and universities based on value for money, debt and job prospects for high-paying work. Seems to me the reason it’s hard to find work is the number of high-paying jobs is shrinking – this is a long-term structural issue. This leads students to, essentially, vocational training. Gone would be degrees like philosophy. However, philosophy majors generally outperform every major in graduate school entry exams – one ahead of economics majors. Into the mix comes the Pay As You Earn program that provide students a loan package that if not paid after 20 years, under certain conditions, doesn’t have to be repaid. Really? What lender would make the loan in the first place? What student would rush to repay? Information asymmetries abound. Not necessarily the panacea envisioned. As we get ready for the next school year, let’s hope some plausible solution can be found. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora, is professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/financial-crisis-contained-at-least-so-far/</link>
        <title>Financial crisis contained – at least so far</title>
        <description>But I’m not so sure. Contained it might be, but the effects are long-lived. For example, the Federal Reserve often discusses weakness in the labor markets, particularly as the Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen is a prominent labor economist. And the...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2014 17:01:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The “official” dates of the U.S. financial crisis were 2007-08. Since then, we’ve had a few additional crises, in particular, the Euro crisis. But overall, the global financial crisis seems to have been contained. But I’m not so sure. Contained it might be, but the effects are long-lived. For example, the Federal Reserve often discusses weakness in the labor markets, particularly as the Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen is a prominent labor economist. And the federal officials often discuss weaknesses in housing markets. In January 2009, the Fed began an aggressive policy of loading the economy with easy money – quantitative easing – and continues to do so. The largest European economies and Japan followed suit, more or less, later that year. But less aggressively. And yet, the U.S. economy is still about 4 percent below where it should or could be. Herein lies the heart of the ongoing crisis. The Fed has done all it can to pump up the economy. The Fed’s balance sheet has gone wild and has been since the early days of the crisis. For example, the Fed currently owns about $1.5 trillion worth of mortgage backed securities. During normal times, the Fed holds about $0 worth. And with all the cash out there, about $2.8 trillion, some are concerned about rampant inflation. However, markets aren’t concerned. Nor does the data suggest cause for alarm. In fact, data show deflations more of a concern. This gives the Fed some wiggle room. Which leads us back to the labor market. Unemployment is down, but other prosaic statistics remain uninspiring. The employment-to-population ratio has been stuck at 58 percent since 2009. Before the crisis, it was 63 percent. Housing remains anemic – this scares the federal government. New regulations put in place after the most recent housing bubble burst to prevent a three-peat are being relaxed. It’s déjà vu all over again. All the while, banks are having to dot every ‘i’ and cross every ‘t’ on regulations that may or may not be useful. The result is a slowing housing market that has stagnated since the end of 2012. For better or worse, I tend to think a little worse, the U.S. economy has become overly dependent on real estate markets as an engine for growth. But it does so for a couple of reasons. First, is the obvious impact on the real economy. You need wood, plaster, bricks, microwave ovens, etc. to make a house. There is a direct impact. Second, gains in real estate prices increase wealth and spur consumption via the “wealth effect.” But neither of these comes without a cost. Investing resources in housing means other sectors are losing out. Wealth effects could be driven by speculation – just ask a Los Angeleno. But speculative gains could just as easily, and quickly, turn to losses. So, the standard relationship between financial markets and the real economy seems to have been severed. Crisis noninterruptus. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/bailing-banks-out-we-dont-like-it-but-we-do-it/</link>
        <title>Bailing banks out: We don’t like it, but we do it</title>
        <description>So, it was bailed out. The first time the axiom “too big to fail,” that is moral hazard, reared its ugly head. Yes, the same moral hazard phrase that has been bandied about by politicians, pundits and just about anybody...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2014 17:01:00 -0600</pubDate>
        <guid isPermaLink="false">2F2B8A59-717A-4BA2-8D38-D22D72AA8CEB</guid>
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The first “recorded” financial crisis in the U.S. occurred in 1792. That’s just five years after the Constitution was adopted. Seems the crisis happened when Alexander Hamilton decided to establish a quasi-private Bank of the United States. Speculators went wild, and the size of this bank led to some, shall we say, dodgy lending. It became overleveraged. So, it was bailed out. The first time the axiom “too big to fail,” that is moral hazard, reared its ugly head. Yes, the same moral hazard phrase that has been bandied about by politicians, pundits and just about anybody else who has an opinion about the recent, though, I believe, not receded, financial crisis. Is it just me, but are there more deer about this year than normal? On the Fort Lewis College campus, at dinner time, there are more deer wandering around than students. My drive home has come to resemble a slalom course. Why are there so many deer? Deer’s natural predators include wolves, mountain lions, alligators, jaguars (don’t think we have to worry about the last two, but you never know) and humans have been relatively successful at removing these predators. For a number of reasons. Our desire to live in the great outdoors surrounded by trees and solitude requires us to move further and further into natural habitats, usually inhabited by deer, bear, mountain lions and wolves. We take on more risk. Risk that our houses will be invaded by bears and raccoons – apparently a bigger problem than I imagined given the growth of raccoon-proof garbage bins. Risk that we will lose our pets to mountain lions. We start act as if the risk doesn’t exist: moral hazard. So the deer wander into our yards. Leap lugubriously over fences into roads. Deer on campus hardly bat an eye when I walk up to the entrance to my building. They have become effectively domesticated. Now they are the risk-takers. Risk that I am not so benign after all. Risk they won’t be hit by a car, etc. Yes, moral hazard. So now we, protecting ourselves and our pets from the likes of lions and alligators, are more likely to be killed by deer, indirectly, than by the predators we are endeavoring to protect ourselves from. Gotta love the law of unintended consequences. Now, where was I? Ah, yes, the first bank bailout in U.S. history. Hamilton took a lesson from a previous financial crisis that happened in France about 70 years earlier, and the plan worked. But that bailout also set the stage for the relationship between the state and financial intermediaries to this day. Most economists believe that allowing banks to fail, for paying for their own mistakes, is a good thing, let the market weed out the weak. However, those same economists also recognize that failure to help banks also would be far more costly in the short and longer runs. It’s a bitter pill. There sure are a lot of deer. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/school-trumps-minimum-wage-as-income-booster/</link>
        <title>School trumps minimum wage as income booster</title>
        <description>The answer was supposed to be “no.” The four years of the Carter presidency is frequently remembered as being somewhat dismal: the cooling of the Cold War; revolution in Iran; and steadily rising inflation. The demise of Led Zeppelin following...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 25 Feb 2014 14:59:01 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[In one of the 1980 presidential debates, Ronald Reagan (in)famously asked: “Ask yourself, ‘Are you better off now than you were four years ago?’” The answer was supposed to be “no.” The four years of the Carter presidency is frequently remembered as being somewhat dismal: the cooling of the Cold War; revolution in Iran; and steadily rising inflation. The demise of Led Zeppelin following the death of John Bonham prior to the 1980 election was the last straw. But was it really that bad? First, inflation was rising, and Reagan and Fed Chairman Paul Volcker plunged the economy into a deep recession to put an end to it. The Cold War was near zero Kelvin and Iran was in the inchoate stages of its Islamic Revolution. Led Zeppelin broke up. But statistically, the late 1970s economy wasn’t that bad. GDP and non-farm employment both grew around 3.5 percent. And more key to what I’m interested in, families were doing OK. In 1980, 43 percent of women were working. By the end of Reagan’s reign 54 percent were. The one-worker household was gone. While family incomes were $5,000 higher in 1988, this was in part attributable to women’s participation in the work force – not because overall incomes were rising. Which leads us to my point. The minimum wage. Currently, the debate over the minimum wage is filling the airwaves with hyperbole, sound bites and misinformation. As you know, the discussion is over whether the national minimum wage should be raised from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour. The Gap announced it will pay workers a minimum wage of $9 with others, such as Wal-Mart Inc. and Sears, considering the same. Echoes of FDR’s Blue Eagle campaign? Nor is the local price-adjusted national minimum wage consistent. Where would you rather make $10.10/hour? New York or Denver? In 2000 prices, $10.10 buys you $7.58 in Denver today but only $7.18 in New York. Recent revelations about rental prices suggest that I’d rather make $10.10 in New York than in Williston, N.D., never thought I’d say that. Colorado is one of 21 states with a minimum wage higher that the national one, $8 per hour. At this wage, it will take a minimum wage worker in Denver 6.5 percent more work weeks to pay the rent. Propaganda has begun on both sides of the aisle. And, as you might expect, the proponents of each fall along predictable lines. Research can be found to support both sides of the argument. The supply-side explanation is a minimum wage creates a wedge between labor supply and demand – which is unemployment. Demand-siders point to the fact higher wages lead to higher incomes and more spending – thus, employment rises. Who is correct? “On the one hand, but on the other …” What is relatively debate-free is how to increase income: better education. If only Congress could concentrate on this rather than debating minimum-wage minutiae. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/supply-demand-of-pot-sales-may-follow-path-of-cheesepocalypse/</link>
        <title>Supply, demand of pot sales may follow path of ‘Cheesepocalypse’</title>
        <description>Kismet? Positive chi? Providence? Call it what you like, these two states have likely paved the way for the relegalization of dope – it became illegal nationwide in 1937 – for the rest of the country. Here in Colorado, on...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2014 17:01:00 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[On Sunday, football lovers will witness the first ever “Bud Bowl” celebrating the legalization of marijuana by Colorado and Washington as the Broncos play the Seahawks. Kismet? Positive chi? Providence? Call it what you like, these two states have likely paved the way for the relegalization of dope – it became illegal nationwide in 1937 – for the rest of the country. Here in Colorado, on Jan. 1, retail purchases became a reality. This simple act put the state on the worldwide map for a day or so – though for many, I’m sure not for the right reasons. Long-ish term readers of this column may recall that I, like many economists, advocated for the legalization of marijuana way back in 2006 when Colorado voters passed Amendment 44 – six years after legalizing medical marijuana. And while this allowed people to own up to an ounce of dope, actually buying it remained dodgy. A month into this experiment, how are things going? (Jokes aside about the Rocky Mountain High.) Let’s begin with tax revenue. According to the Colorado Department of Revenue, total marijuana sales in Colorado for the first quarter of the 2014 fiscal year, July-September 2013, was $109 million, raising about $3 million in tax revenue. The state is projecting annual revenue of $580 million, generating about $67 million in tax revenue. Revenue estimates for the first week of January are $5 million with $1.1 million in taxes. For the local area, which includes La Plata, Montezuma and San Miguel counties, revenue equaled $2.7 million and $77 thousand in taxes. That’s serious cheese. While data isn’t yet available on dope tourism, anecdotes abound about Americans coming here to partake. And the market strikes. Many dispensaries seemed to have either underestimated weed demand or got greedy and decided to sell whatever they had. The predictable result of demand greater than supply is a rise in prices or rationing – economists prefer the former as rationing creates a shortage. This undersupply of dope led to a roughly 156 percent divergence between legal and black market prices – pretty substantial. If this price difference remains permanent, there will likely be an expansion of black market marijuana. In a similar vein, Velveeta cheese is experiencing similar market forces. The so-called “Cheesepocalypse” is due to a product recall, manufacturing lag and the Bud Bowl. That is, declines in supply and increasing demand are leading to a spike in Velveeta prices. Meanwhile in Seattle, cops at the annual Hempfest in 2013 handed out 1,000 bags of Doritos with some facts about Washington’s new marijuana laws. So viewers of “Bud Bowl XLVIII” will have an important decision to make: How much Velveeta to put on the Doritos for nachos. And they better make plenty, at least in Colorado and Washington. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/economic-trends-erasing-worlds-middle-classes/</link>
        <title>Economic trends erasing world’s middle classes</title>
        <description>Economists have a pretty good idea of what a recession is, but we’re a little less hazy about what makes a “depression.” The so-called “Great Depression” was really a deep recession, but it was called a depression when unemployment grew...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Dec 2013 13:28:39 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[One of President Harry Truman’s famous economics quotes is: “It’s a recession when your neighbor loses his job; it’s a depression when you lose yours.” Economists have a pretty good idea of what a recession is, but we’re a little less hazy about what makes a “depression.” The so-called “Great Depression” was really a deep recession, but it was called a depression when unemployment grew to about 25 percent. So what makes a depression? Is it high unemployment rates? That means Spain and Greece are in a depression. Spain has had unemployment more than 17 percent since 2010 – four years. What if you have less than a high school diploma or are black? Unemployment for blacks was more than 15 percent for 30 months. Similar rates are found for Native Americans. Maybe you quantify it by examining median income. Across all income groups, inflation-adjusted income peaked in 1999 – almost 15 years ago. If real income grew at the rate of potential real GDP, nothing spectacular, 0.6 percent per year, median incomes would be about 9 percent higher today than in 1999. Instead, the current median income is actually minus 4 percent compared with the rate in 1999. That’s kind of depressing. Unfortunately, I don’t see an end to this pattern. When this recession hit, I warned of a “Japanese-style recession” where economic growth is anemic and too low inflation rates threaten a recovery. And so here we are. Sure, unemployment is down, new jobs are being “created,” and the United States is outperforming our European counterparts, but should we cheer? Frequently avoided questions about current job creation: Where are they, what types of jobs, and how many, are being created? According to the Labor Department, the separation and hire rates are essentially the same, so that the long-run employment situation, remains largely unchanged. Secondly, many jobs expanding in numbers are relatively low-value added, lower-paying or are part-time. And how many people have left the workforce altogether? Too many. A pernicious effect of recent economic trends: Americans are increasingly divided into two strata – the rich and the poor. It is one of the very things the Founding Fathers sought to escape. As discussed above, inflation-adjusted incomes have fallen steadily since 1999, but this is more heavily weighted toward the poorest 20 percent. Between 1999 and 2012, incomes for the poor have fallen an average of 3.8 percent annually while the richest 20 percent in the country have seen their incomes fall 0.35 percent. But the richest have a cushion of wealth to augment their earned labor income. Globally, the richest 1 percent own about 45 percent of the world’s assets. And this doesn’t help the economy as a whole. A slate of recent research has demonstrated the rising income inequality undermines economic performance. We have to face a slog ahead. But take heart, another great Truman quote is: “Give me a one-handed economist! All my economists say, ‘On the one hand ... on the other.’” sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at FLC.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/local-national-economy-shows-improvement/</link>
        <title>Local, national economy shows improvement</title>
        <description>Certainly, we have seen that the country as a whole seems to enjoying some low level of recovery, but it’s still somewhat lackluster. National labor markets and output continue to be anemic if one looks behind the standard numbers. But...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2013 14:24:29 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[So where are we? Have we dodged yet another bullet as Congress and the president reached a tentative and temporary détente with respect to spending? Certainly, we have seen that the country as a whole seems to enjoying some low level of recovery, but it’s still somewhat lackluster. National labor markets and output continue to be anemic if one looks behind the standard numbers. But what of us? How is our neck of the woods performing? In a couple of words – not bad. Let’s begin with real estate. New building permits grew 66 percent between 2011 and 2012 after six years of declines. Given the growth in other real estate numbers, there’s no reason to believe this trend will cease. Inflation-adjusted median home prices for La Plata County combined have stabilized at $300,000 after falling to lows in the mid-$250,000 range in the aftermath of housing bubble implosion. In addition, there is a shrinking supply of rental housing – vacancy rates have dropped off dramatically, with commensurate increases in rents. Foreclosures are falling, and only one foreclosure has been filed since March. Median prices of foreclosure properties and median market prices have converged, with foreclosed homes discounted only 3 percent in August. Mining revenue trended down the past year or so stemming from falling gas and oil production and moderating prices, especially in natural gas. In tourism, enplanements continue to grow, nearly doubling in the past 15 years or so. Visits to Mesa Verde are beginning to recover after a little hiatus in 2010-11. The train was resilient to the recession and has maintained its number of travelers. Retail taxes took a big hit in 2012, but have rebounded to their trend and may eclipse $200 million, seasonally adjusted, by the end of the year. In 2012, the most recent data available, annual average incomes in La Plata County were up about 3 percent compared with the previous year, after shrinking about 0.6 percent between 2010 and 2011. Seasonally adjusted total income in La Plata has been in positive territory in nine out of the past 12 quarters. The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate is nearly 2 percentage points below the national average and has fallen 1 percent during the past year. So, finally, I’m beginning to feel as if things might be turning around. Then recent shenanigans start. First, we had the sequester, which passed despite being characterized as so horrific that no party would let them go through. Two debt-ceiling debates ensued, and the 2011 debate sent markets into a tizzy. Markets this year barely batted an eye. Cries of wolf are a bit of a yawn. The government shutdown came next. And with the exception of a couple of investment firms selling off their debt, markets barely hiccupped. But costs to the real economy were substantial. The figure of $24 billion has been batted around. So, my best guess is: As long as Washington plays nice, things are looking up. Oh, yeah, and then there’s the Affordable Care Act. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/federal-shutdown-puts-the-hurting-on-u-s-economy/</link>
        <title>Federal shutdown puts the hurting on U.S. economy</title>
        <description>While it may be tempting to, once again, berate our fearless leaders over recent events in Washington, D.C., as I’ve been doing off and on for the past two years, it’s a little bit like shooting apples in a barrel....</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 08 Oct 2013 13:48:42 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Well, after a short “sabbatical” from writing this column, it’s time to put to paper recent follies. While it may be tempting to, once again, berate our fearless leaders over recent events in Washington, D.C., as I’ve been doing off and on for the past two years, it’s a little bit like shooting apples in a barrel. So, I’ll refrain. As one more voice in an already substantial chorus does little to add insight. I can’t. Given their behavior, an apparently split and dysfunctional Republican Congress has decided the health of the U.S. economy is not under siege. The debate about raising the debt ceiling apparently hasn’t begun. Time has instead been spent arguing about financing the cleaning of the Pentagon and ensuring that national parks are open. Yet, the most terrifying aspect of doing nothing is the threat to financial markets. Yes, here we go again. Consider the worst case scenario. Federal debt is the safest place to sock away your money (though socks may become safer). If the U.S. defaults on its obligations, it would raise the riskiness of holding debt. With this risk comes higher interest rates. How high? Don’t know, but there’s also the risk that holders of U.S. bonds on international markets could push yields higher, and, with them, higher rates on everything from credit cards, mortgages, car loans, etc. Firms and households would find it expensive to borrow, confidence would fall and spending would drop. The Fed has been unstoppable at trying to keep interest rates down for the past five years – even spooking markets when it announced a continuation of its monthly $85 billion bond-buying program last month. But I doubt the Fed can do this much longer. Investors pulling out of U.S. bonds could buy other currencies, raising the specter of rapid dollar depreciation. While this would be good for exporters, countries that rely on exporting to the U.S. will see a sharp decline in global sales. And that could push them into recession, which further erodes our exports. I think of Switzerland, which promptly went into a recession after the Swiss franc’s 50 percent appreciation between 2010 and 2011. Then look at Greece. When the Greeks defaulted on their debt, long-term yields reached 30 percent in two years! Thankfully, the U.S. is not Greece. And what happens if the world’s safest financial instrument suddenly isn’t safe? I don’t think anybody really knows. Suffice to say, the financial market’s foundation would crack, which can’t be good. And global financial markets are nervous. Since mid-September, the Dow has fallen 800 points, and the dollar has lost 5 cents against the euro. Potential signs of lost confidence. Where do you go? Germany? China? Japan? Paradoxically, the opposite could happen. When the financial crisis struck in 2008, the dollar got stronger and yields fell. When S&P downgraded U.S. debt from AAA to AA, bond yields fell. Such are the vagaries of international financial markets. Sequestration, government shut down, and now the debt ceiling? Better get me some more bullets, there’s still plenty of apples. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/eu-welcomes-my-summer-home-well-sort-of/</link>
        <title>EU welcomes my summer home – well, sort of</title>
        <description>This juxtaposition is more prevalent where I currently am – Croatia. I’ve been coming here for several years now, to teach and research, and have witnessed many changes. On July 1, 2013, Croatia will join the European Union, which essentially...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2013 17:01:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[A common theme of mine during the last couple of years is the growing disconnect between economic policy, politics and the economy. This juxtaposition is more prevalent where I currently am – Croatia. I’ve been coming here for several years now, to teach and research, and have witnessed many changes. On July 1, 2013, Croatia will join the European Union, which essentially means Croatia will be open to free trade with a large number of European countries. It will not be fully integrated with Europe just yet. For starters it will not be part of the Schengen Agreement – essentially a borderless Europe. Under the agreement, once you are in, say, Oslo, Norway, you can cross to Helsinki, to Lisbon, Portugal, and depart Paris without a passport. But you can’t go to Zagreb, Croatia. So, labor movements will continue to be restricted. But goods and machines can effortlessly flow back and forth between Europe and Croatia. Good for firms, less so for people. German reforms made during the last 10 years or so are reaping benefits. By reducing, relatively, wage pressures, the prices of German goods have remained relatively low, which has boosted exports and driven German economic growth. Sure, Germany has been helped by a relatively cheap euro, but so, too, would have France, Spain, and others in the eurozone, and we’ve all seen how well they’ve done. In the last 20 years, Greece, the poster child for policy-gone-wild, has seen prices rise at about the twice the rate in Germany. For an Estonian, why buy Greek potatoes when you can buy cheaper German ones? Greece didn’t make the hard choices. So why is that a concern for transition economies? They haven’t either. Well, they kind of have. In a word, they’re not ready for integration. I should stress: economic integration. But, a pan-European “economic” entity is, at its heart, political, not economic. The European Union looks a lot like NATO. A unified Europe rose from the cinders of World War II with the primary goal of constructing economic unity that would trump political, cultural and social diversity. And so it did, as long as the member countries were, more or less, the same. But Greece, Spain, Portugal, Cyprus, Estonia and Ireland are culturally and, more importantly, economically dissimilar – for an economic union anyway. It’s like making fish and chips with a little souvlaki. Sure, it can be done, like admitting Bulgaria and Romania, but why? So, anyway, Croatia joins a free-trade area, the European Union, without free movement of labor. Nor will it adopt the euro, yet, though it has fixed its currency to the euro. Now comes the hard work. All the Byzantine regulations, the fondness for stamps, anachronistic institutions, must be modified to a different set of Byzantine regulations and anachronistic regulations, but in 20 different languages. Against this, the United States looks positively halcyon. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/cause-and-effect-in-a-changing-economic-world/</link>
        <title>Cause and effect in a changing economic world</title>
        <description>For example, just how does Jell-O get that wobbly consistency? Or what if Genghis Khan were a vegetarian? Similarly, in the United States, we don’t spend much time considering the economic impacts of various institutions. My macroeconomic upbringing concentrated on...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 14:38:25 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Some things don’t really cross one’s mind too frequently. For example, just how does Jell-O get that wobbly consistency? Or what if Genghis Khan were a vegetarian? Similarly, in the United States, we don’t spend much time considering the economic impacts of various institutions. My macroeconomic upbringing concentrated on discussing taxes, discretionary spending and monetary policy, but little of institutions that are frequently lumped by economists into a terms such as “total factor productivity” or “residual” with little thought. Institutions don’t necessarily mean only tangible things such as “Congress” and “schools,” but also psychological, social and cultural factors such as “how business is done” – things difficult to put your finger on. And yet they play huge role in our economy. Problem is, policies the United States exports to the world make little accommodation for the role institutions play. Our State Department promotes democracy to countries with no previous experience with democracy: Think Russia, and how some Russians beg to revert to Soviet-style communism. So it goes with economic policies, too. After the fall of Iron Curtain, many Westerners rejoiced saying it was a victory for free markets. Legions of economists from any number of institutions fanned out like missionaries preaching the good word. “Liberalize your markets,” they opined. Not just trade, but also currency and asset markets. And so went the Washington Consensus, predicated on sophisticated economic models and reams of empirical evidence (at the time). We can see how market liberalization helped Cyprus. But many forgot or underestimated total factor productivity, institutions, from their calculations, as they’re often difficult to measure. But institutional influence can be measured. Some are precise, such as “perceived corruption.” Others are more vague, such as “economic freedom.” As you might imagine, “better” institutions lead to better economic outcomes – something I’ve become acutely aware of as an economic tourist and analyst. No State Department miscalculations here. Research shows measures of corruption and economic freedom can measure improved trade, income growth and inequality. Closer to home, we can measure state institutional frictions by economic freedom or “small business” economic perceptions. With respect to freedom, Colorado was ranked 19th in 2011 down from ninth in 2009. And small business? Colorado was given an “A” in 2013, in a thumbtack.com/Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation survey, up from a B+ last year, using a variety of measures. As you might imagine, the lowest score we got is with health and safety. These measures reflect institutions, and the people who create them. An institution is simply a cooperative manifestation of human beliefs, and these have economic impacts. However, one inevitably must ask, what is more important: economic outcomes or the institutions that control them? sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/columnists/the-dismal-science-is-an-inexact-thing/</link>
        <title>The dismal science is an inexact thing</title>
        <description>I refer to the recent revelations of a graduate student’s finding that two of the world’s leading economists, Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, made an egregious Excel mistake. In a working paper, they show that a government debt-to-output ratio of...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 17:01:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Hot on the heels of my last column about statistics gone awry, a new “scandal” has gripped the economics profession. I refer to the recent revelations of a graduate student’s finding that two of the world’s leading economists, Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, made an egregious Excel mistake. In a working paper, they show that a government debt-to-output ratio of 90 percent will tip a country from positive to negative growth. A debt overhang of 90 percent or more, and an economy will not go gentle into that good night (apologies to Dylan Thomas). So, policymakers read this and discern that to avoid economic Armageddon they must rein in government largesse. And we’ve seen ramifications of this policy, most stridently in Europe. Where to start? Iceland, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, France, Cyprus and a bunch of countries that haven’t (yet?) made the headlines. The problem is, Reinhart and Rogoff conveniently left out some data, did some questionable calculations and made some honest coding mistakes. Turns out, high debt-to-GDP ratios doesn’t necessarily have a negative effect on growth, which has been oft demonstrated in previous research. Ironically, it also countermands some of their own analysis that essentially shows that there is not a “one-size-fits all” debt-to-GDP ratio, it depends on the country. Consider Spain and Germany: Is anyone worried about Germany’s economy? What about the Spanish one? In 2010, the German debt-to-GDP ratio was 82 percent while in Spain it was 61 percent, no panic in Germany, lots in Spain. And what of the credit-card study conducted by Moody’s Analytics I discussed last month? Brouhaha, and for no discernible reason I could find. Yet these studies are treated with some respect, which is troublesome as neither of them were subject to a critique. They are both working papers with no referee for checks and balances. And this is problematic, that a famous name or institution can influence policy that affects millions, almost with impunity. To imagine that on the eve of the financial crisis many economists were spending a lot of time congratulating themselves believing they had “cured” business cycles. At the beginning of the Great Recession, I cautioned that a deep recession shouldn’t be the primary concern for policymakers, but a sustained Japanese-style recession that drags on for years most assuredly could. That appears to be the current state of Western and periphery economies – sluggish and uninspiring economic performance. No, economists haven’t figured it out, and admitted so at a recent International Monetary Fund conference in Washington, D.C. Economics is an inexact science. Billions of economic decisions are made every day, and there is no way to predict them all. I’m beginning to see the attraction and need for Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi: The opera which surrounds him is a constant reminder of just how inexact we are. sonora_t@fortlewis.edu. Robert “Tino” Sonora is an associate professor of economics at Fort Lewis College and the director of the Office of Business and Economic Research at Fort Lewis College.]]></content:encoded>
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