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    <title>Lifestyle</title>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/durango-farmers-market-to-return-for-25th-year/</link>
        <title>Durango Farmers Market to return for 25th year</title>
        <description>COVID-19 protocols returning, but so is live music</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 04 May 2021 22:54:46 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[COVID-19 protocols returning, but so is live musicCustomers and vendors socially distance themselves at the Durango Farmers Market in 2020.Courtesy of Durango Farmers Market It’s May, which means it’s time for the Durango Farmers Market, now in its 25th year, to return. The first market will be held Saturday in the parking lot of TBK Bank. The farmers market will look a lot like it did last year, with COVID-19 protocols including mask-wearing, wash stations and 6-foot spacing between vendor stalls and market-goers. “It should go a little bit smoother than last year,” said market manager Tom Little. “We’re a little more optimistic this year because we were going in totally blind last year.” The fact that the market serves multiple functions complicates things when it comes to COVID-19 regulations. “We have to go by what the state regulations are for restaurants, for outdoor live-entertainment venues and for grocery stores,” he said. Little is optimistic, though, that the situation will ease up before the market season ends in October. “It’s possible we’ll get rid of the masks before the year is over,” he said.Two market attendees take advantage of the washing station at the end of a row at the Durango Farmers Market in 2020. Behind them, market-goers distance themselves from each other.Courtesy of Durango Farmers Market On a more positive note, DFM will bring back something it was missing in 2020: live music and performing artists. Little said the first market will feature a performance by the Durango Shimmy Mob from 10 a.m. to noon, and subsequent markets will feature musical acts. On July 24, the market will feature classical music from Music in the Mountains to celebrate DFM’s 25th anniversary. This season will also bring an increase in the availability of certain foods at the market. “We’ve got four mushroom cultivators, and we haven’t had any the last couple of years,” he said. “That’s a big change because there’s always been a real high demand for that. Also, we’ve got I think three or four honey producers. The market always sells every jar of honey any of our farmers can come up with.” Local farmers typically aren’t necessarily ready for the markets early in the season, Little said, and as a result, DFM starts out a bit more artisan-heavy. He said the farmers market would also have more artisans than normal throughout the year. “We have more artisan vendors this time, and we also have more of ... the chefs that take the farmers’ food and then make it into ready-to-eat meals there at the market,” he said. “We have quite a bit more in those two categories this year.” Products sold by artisans at the Durango Farmers market include wool, paintings, ceramics, wood items, clothes, jewelry, soap, herbal tinctures and CBD products. The Durango Farmers Market is located in the parking lot of TBK Bank, 259 West Ninth St. It runs from 8 a.m. to noon (9 a.m. to noon in October) Saturdays through October. ngonzales@durangoherald.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/oh-hi-ups-the-cbd-dosage-in-its-seltzers/</link>
        <title>Oh Hi ups the CBD dosage in its seltzers</title>
        <description>As of mid-April, Oh Hi Beverage’s have 5 mg more of CBD, bringing the total up to 20 mg per can.Courtesy of Oh Hi Beverages Each of the canned seltzers, which debuted in December 2019, previously came with a 15...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 04 May 2021 22:53:44 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[As of mid-April, Oh Hi Beverage’s have 5 mg more of CBD, bringing the total up to 20 mg per can.Courtesy of Oh Hi Beverages Changing the formula doesn’t always turn out well for beverage companies, but it’s doubtful Oh Hi Beverages’ decision to include a third more CBD in its CBD seltzers will have the same effect as New Coke. Each of the canned seltzers, which debuted in December 2019, previously came with a 15 mg dose of cannabidiol, an active – but not psychoactive – compound in cannabis. As of mid-April, Oh Hi has bumped the CBD content per can up to 20 mg. Oh Hi head of operations John Lynch said the change brings the seltzers more in line with Oh Hi’s competitors. “The technology has improved where we can keep the same flavor profile and give people more CBD while keeping it a good, high-quality product,” he said. “We noticed that it’s what people want.” The cannabinoid content in the seltzers comes from Caliper, a flavorless CBD isolate. Oh Hi’s CBD seltzers include Pomegranate, Grapefruit, Lemon Lime, and Ginger Basil Limeade flavors. They are distributed in Colorado, Southern California and Michigan. ngonzales@durangoherald.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/mass-fossil-site-in-utah-may-prove-tyrannosaurs-lived-in-packs/</link>
        <title>Mass fossil site in Utah may prove tyrannosaurs lived in packs</title>
        <description>Remains show evidence for social behavior</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2021 20:32:15 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Remains show evidence for social behavior SALT LAKE CITY – Ferocious tyrannosaur dinosaurs may not have been solitary predators as long envisioned, but more like social carnivores such as wolves, new research unveiled Monday found. Paleontologists developed the theory while studying a mass tyrannosaurus death site found seven years ago in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah, one of two monuments the Biden administration is considering restoring to its full size after former President Donald Trump downsized them. Using geochemical analysis of the bones and rock, a team of researchers with the University of Arkansas determined that the dinosaurs died and were buried in the same place and were not the result of fossils washing in from multiple areas. The new Utah site is the third mass tyrannosaur grave site that’s been discovered in North America – bolstering a theory first developed 20 years ago that they lived in packs. However, more research needs to be done to make that argument, said Kristi Curry Rogers, a biology professor at Macalester College who wasn’t involved in the research but reviewed the finding Monday. “It is a little tougher to be so sure that these data mean that these tyrannosaurs lived together in the good times,” Rogers said. “It’s possible that these animals may have lived in the same vicinity as one another without traveling together in a social group, and just came together around dwindling resources as times got tougher.” In 2014, Bureau of Land Management paleontologist Alan Titus discovered the site, which was later named the Rainbows and Unicorns quarry because of the vast array of fossils contained inside. Excavation has been ongoing since the site’s discovery because of the size of the area and volume of bones. “I consider this a once-in-a-lifetime discovery for myself,” Titus told reporters during a virtual news conference. “I probably won’t find another site this exciting and scientifically significant during my career.” The social tyrannosaurs theory began over 20 years ago when more than a dozen tyrannosaurs were found at a site in Alberta, Canada. Another mass death site in Montana again raised the possibility of social tyrannosaurs. Many scientists questioned the theory, arguing that the dinosaurs didn’t have the brainpower to engage in sophisticated social interaction, Titus said. “Going that next step to understand behavior and how animals behave requires really amazing evidence,” Joseph Sertich, curator of dinosaurs at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, said at the news conference. “I think that this site, the spectacular collection of tyrannosaurs but also the other assembled pieces of evidence ... pushes us to the point where we can show some evidence for behavior.” In addition to the tyrannosaurs, researchers have also found seven species of turtles, multiple fish and ray species, two other kinds of dinosaurs and a nearly complete skeleton of a juvenile Deinosuchus alligator. These other animals do not appear to have all died together. Paleontology groups have been among those pushing the federal government to restore the Bears Ears National Monument and Grand Staircase-Escalante to their original sizes to protect the region’s rich paleontological and archaeological record. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland visited southern Utah earlier this month as she prepared to submit recommendations about whether to reverse Trump’s decision to downsize the monuments. Titus said he showed Haaland some of the fossils at his lab during her visit and said she “appreciated getting to see the material.” “The (Bureau of Land Management) is protecting these fossils as national treasures.” Titus said. “They’re part of the story of how North America came to be and how ultimately we came to be.” Sophia Eppolito is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/in-new-book-farmer-reveals-deep-vegetable-knowledge/</link>
        <title>In new book, farmer reveals deep vegetable knowledge</title>
        <description>“The Chef’s Garden: A Modern Guide to Common and Unusual Vegetables — with Recipes” by Farmer Lee Jones. The 640-page book is equal parts vegetable reference bible, family memoir and recipe collection.Courtesy of Avery via AP The Ohio-based farmer had...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 27 Apr 2021 19:03:57 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[“The Chef’s Garden: A Modern Guide to Common and Unusual Vegetables — with Recipes” by Farmer Lee Jones. The 640-page book is equal parts vegetable reference bible, family memoir and recipe collection.Courtesy of Avery via AP NEW YORK – Despite thousands of years of humans working the soil, there are still things to learn. Just ask Farmer Lee Jones about the beet leaves. The Ohio-based farmer had planted too many beets and the surplus was dumped in a pile in a cooler. He returned later to find that when he dug below the first layer, to where the beets got no light exposure, beautiful leaves were growing out of the vegetable in the dark. “It’s a yellow leaf with red veins. And it’s one of the sexiest things that you can imagine,” he says. “We’re like, ‘Holy smokes, this is nicer than anything we grew on purpose!’” You might not find plants particularly sexy until you speak to Jones and catch his infectious enthusiasm for farming. He’s a relentless experimenter, willing to try new techniques, new ideas and new flavors. “There are literally thousands of plants and vegetables to be explored,” he says. “We have a saying that we try and work in harmony with Mother Nature rather than trying to outsmart her.” Jones’ deep knowledge about vegetables and growing them is soon available in “The Chef’s Garden: A Modern Guide to Common and Unusual Vegetables – with Recipes.” The 640-page handsome book is equal parts vegetable reference bible, family memoir and recipe collection. It came out Tuesday. “We try in the book to really look for different ways to be able to utilize plants in America. We kind of think one-dimensionally,” he says. “We do bone marrow. Why can’t we do vegetable marrow?” Jones is the face of The Chef’s Garden, a sustainable, 350-acre family farm in Huron that provides chefs worldwide with seasonal specialty vegetables, microgreens, herbs and edible flowers. Name a starry chef and there’s a good chance they’ve done business with The Chef’s Garden: José Andrés, Alain Ducasse, Daniel Boulud, Thomas Keller and Ferran Adrià, among them. With his welcoming air and signature denim bib overalls and red bow tie, Jones has become something of a celebrity, too. The Chef’s Garden grows 700 kinds of vegetables, with 150 to 200 more in trials. There’s a lab where scientists analyze the soil and seeds, and there’s also the Culinary Vegetable Institute, which attracts 600 visiting chefs a year to share their knowledge and cook together. Readers of the book will find new ways to prepare vegetables, from celery root to cauliflower, and learn about more unusual ingredients like carrot seeds, knotweed and radish seed pods. “For several thousand years, we always ate only the top of the carrot plant. It’s only been in the last few hundred years that we started eating the bottom of the carrot. Now nobody eats the top,” Jones says. Jones’ farm is surrounded by 5,000-acre commercial farms, and he does things differently: Instead of chemicals, he uses 15 species of cover crop to replenish the soil. He argues that American farmers have lost their way regarding food and health. “I don’t knock the other farmers. They’re following the model that exists and that’s to keep the costs as low as possible and the tons per acre as high as possible. It’s not about the integrity of the plant. It’s about the tons per acre,” he says. “We’re a bunch of odd ducks out here, for sure.” Above all, Jones emphasizes taste and minimizing waste. He looks to Europeans, who learned over centuries of struggle with food insecurity to use every part of their animals. Take oxtail, a peasant food for years. “They figured out great ways to make good dishes with the flavor of the oxtail,” he says. “And then Thomas Keller comes over here and puts an oxtail on a plate and it’s 90 bucks.” Jones wants to showcase vegetables, and the book offers attractive and tasty options, from Butter-Poached Squash with Hemp Seed and Coriander to Potato Pierogi with Caramelized Onion Chips. The book has a forward written by Andrés and is co-written with Kristin Donnelly, with recipes by Jamie Simpson. Lucia Watson, the book’s editor for Avery, says it is timely. “Vegetables are the center of our plate more and more. And it is kind of where all of the exciting cooking is coming from – experimenting with vegetables,” she says. “This gives home cooks an incredible window into that and an incredible resource. It introduces them to vegetables that they may not have heard of before, but they see at their farmer’s market and think, ‘What if I brought that home? What would I do with it?’ And it also makes them look at vegetables that they’ve taken for granted.” Jones got his love of farming from his dad and keeps a foot in the past – he admires what farmers before him accomplished and reveres old farm machinery – as well as embracing modern technology for things like crop analysis and distribution. “My dad had a saying that the only thing we’re trying to do is get as good as the growers were 100 years ago. It was pre-chemical, pre-synthetic fertilizer, rotating the land, rebuilding the soil,” he says. COVID-19 was a wake-up call for Jones to diversify because The Chef’s Kitchen found its links to chefs and cruise lines severed when those business shuttered. The farm has since pivoted to nationwide home delivery and opened a farmers market while it waits for restaurants to rebound. But Jones, ever the optimist, sees a silver lining even in a pandemic: There has been a surge of people interested in growing their own food and planting vegetables. “Kids emulate parents’ behavior. And guess what? Parents planted gardens and kids wanted to go help. And when a kid grows a carrot and they pull it out, even if they didn’t like it before, they’re more interested in trying a carrot,” he says. “So I think out of the ashes of this we have to find those good things.”]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/a-first-water-shortage-may-be-declared-in-lakes-powell-mead/</link>
        <title>A first: Water shortage may be declared in lakes Powell, Mead</title>
        <description>Electricity generation at Hoover Dam may be affected</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 25 Apr 2021 17:48:11 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Electricity generation at Hoover Dam may be affected CARSON CITY, Nev. – The human-made lakes that store water supplying millions of people in the U.S. West and Mexico are projected to shrink to historic lows in the coming months, dropping to levels that could trigger the federal government’s first-ever official shortage declaration and prompt cuts in Arizona and Nevada. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation released 24-month projections this week forecasting that less Colorado River water will cascade down from the Rocky Mountains through Lake Powell and Lake Mead and into the arid deserts of the U.S. Southwest and the Gulf of California. Water levels in the two lakes are expected to plummet low enough for the agency to declare an official shortage for the first time, threatening the supply of Colorado River water that growing cities and farms rely on. It comes as climate change means less snowpack flows into the river and its tributaries, and hotter temperatures parch soil and cause more river water to evaporate as it streams through the drought-plagued American West. The agency’s models project Lake Mead will fall below 1,075 feet for the first time in June 2021. That’s the level that prompts a shortage declaration under agreements negotiated by seven states that rely on Colorado River water: Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. The April projections, however, will not have binding impact. Federal officials regularly issue long-term projections but use those released each August to make decisions about how to allocate river water. If projections don’t improve by then, the Bureau of Reclamation will declare a Level 1 shortage condition. The cuts would be implemented in January. Arizona, Nevada and Mexico have voluntarily given up water under a drought contingency plan for the river signed in 2019. A shortage declaration would subject the two U.S. states to their first mandatory reductions. Both rely on the Colorado River more than any other water source, and Arizona stands to lose about 18% of its supply. Water agency officials say they’re confident their preparation measures, including conservation and seeking out alternative sources, would allow them to withstand cuts if the drought lingers as expected. “The study, while significant, is not a surprise. It reflects the impacts of the dry and warm conditions across the Colorado River Basin this year, as well as the effects of a prolonged drought that has impacted the Colorado River water supply,” officials from the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Central Arizona Project said in a joint statement. In Nevada, the agency that supplies water to most of the state has constructed “straws” to draw water from farther down in Lake Mead as its levels fall. It also has created a credit system where it can bank recycled water back into the reservoir without having it count toward its allocation. Colby Pellegrino, director of water resources for the Southern Nevada Water Authority, reassured customers that those preparation measures would insulate them from the effects of cuts. But she warned that more action was needed. “It is incumbent upon all users of the Colorado River to find ways to conserve,” Pellegrino said in a statement. The Bureau of Reclamation also projected that Lake Mead will drop to the point they worried in the past could threaten electricity generation at Hoover Dam. The hydropower serves millions of customers in Arizona, California and Nevada. To prepare for a future with less water, the bureau has spent 10 years replacing parts of five of the dam’s 17 turbines that rotate to generate power. Len Schilling, a dam manager with the bureau, said the addition of wide-head turbines allow the dam to operate more efficiently at lower water levels. He said the turbines will be able to generate power almost to a point called “deadpool,” when there won’t be enough water for the dam to function. But Schilling said less water moving through Hoover Dam means less hydropower to go around. “As the elevation declines at the lake, then our ability to produce power declines as well because we have less water pushing on the turbines,” he said. The hydropower costs substantially less than the energy sold on the wholesale electricity market because the government charges customers only for the cost of producing it and maintaining the dam. Lincoln County Power District General Manager Dave Luttrell said infrastructure updates, less hydropower from Hoover Dam and supplemental power from other sources like natural gas raised costs and alarmed customers in his rural Nevada district. “Rural economies in Arizona and Nevada live and die by the hydropower that is produced at Hoover Dam. It might not be a big deal to NV Energy,” he said of Nevada’s largest utility. “It might be a decimal point to Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. But for Lincoln County, it adds huge impact.” Sam Metz is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/low-flows-on-dolores-river-will-hurt-fish/</link>
        <title>Low flows on Dolores River will hurt fish</title>
        <description>Poor snowpack reduces release from McPhee Reservoir</description>
        <pubDate>Sat, 24 Apr 2021 22:35:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Poor snowpack reduces release from McPhee Reservoir Below-average snowpack and ongoing drought will hurt flows and fish habitat below McPhee Dam going into spring and summer, according to Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Water releases from the dam are expected to be less than 15 cubic feet per second and could possibly drop as low as 3 cfs, said Jim White, CPW aquatic biologist, in a news release issued April 14. During normal snowpack years, McPhee Reservoir fills, and the allocated fish pool allows for a sustained dam release of 60 cfs in summer. Fish flows increase if snowpack runoff exceeds reservoir capacity, which prompts a recreational boating release. But a recreational water release will not happen this year because of below average snowpack and low reservoir carryover from last water season. As of April 19, Natural Resource Conservation Service’s Snotels in the Dolores Basin reported 32% of average snowpack for snow water equivalent. Trout and native fish will be adversely affected by the water shortage below the dam, White said. The 12-mile section of the Dolores River that flows through the Lone Dome State Wildlife Area from below the dam to Bradfield Bridge is a popular tail-water fishery. Most trout fishing is done within the first 6 miles. White said the lower flows will shrink the river habitat, and many brown and rainbow trout likely will die. The water coming out of the dam is about 42 degrees Fahrenheit, which is an ideal temperature for trout. But with such a low flow the water will warm quickly as it moves downstream. “This is going to impact the trout fishery,” White said. “I would expect to see about half or more of the trout fishery habitat suffer and lose much of the trout population.” White suggested that anglers fish early in the day and carry a thermometer to check the water temperature. Fishing should stop when the water hits 70 degrees.The roundtail chub is one of the native species in the Lower Dolores River.Colorado Parks and Wildlife file The low flows will also affect native fish that live in the lower reaches of the Dolores River – the flannelmouth sucker, the bluehead sucker and the roundtail chub. The fish, listed by CPW as species of concern, have adapted to warm water, but they still need pools and flowing water to survive. White is concerned about lower sections of the river drying up or being connected by only tiny rivulets. “I’m worried that the natives are going to be stuck in isolated pools throughout most of the year at these flows,” White said. Making the problem worse is the smallmouth bass, an invasive non-native fish that thrives in the lower Dolores River but preys on young native fish. Anglers are encouraged to fish for smallmouth bass; they are abundant, fairly easy to catch, tasty and have no bag or possession limit. As drought continues to grip the West, more and more rivers will face the same scenario – this year and beyond. “All of this is a result of three things: low snowpack, dry soil that will absorb runoff and no carryover water in the reservoir from last year,” White said. jmimiaga@the-journal.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/forecast-for-mcphee-irrigation-worst-ever/</link>
        <title>Forecast for McPhee irrigation ‘worst ever’</title>
        <description>Farmers expected to receive just a fraction of normal supply</description>
        <pubDate>Sat, 24 Apr 2021 01:33:15 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Farmers expected to receive just a fraction of normal supplyBelow normal snowpack will lead to irrigation shortages this year out of McPhee Reservoir.The Journal file Runoff from below-average snowpack is forecast to result in the lowest project irrigation supply in McPhee Reservoir history. According to most probable forecast, Dolores River Basin snowmelt is expected to deliver 95,000 acre-feet of water to McPhee Reservoir, just 32% of the 295,000 acre-feet average, reports the Colorado River Basin Forecast Center. The forecast could also continue to drop. Full-service farmers of the Dolores Project are expected to receive just 1 inch per acre of irrigation water, or 4.5% of the 22 inches per acre provided when the reservoir fills, said Ken Curtis, general manager for the Dolores Water Conservancy District that manages McPhee. The forecast of 1 inch per acre is “the wost ever” for the Dolores Project, he said. The reservoir first filled in the late 1980s. The previous worst irrigation seasons for McPhee Reservoir were in 2013 and 2002, when farmers received 6 inches per acre. The amount of water predicted for this year is not enough for even one normal crop of alfalfa. With a full supply farmers typically get three to four crops of alfalfa per year. Farmers will be forced to consolidate crops into smaller acreage to produce anything on the limited water. This year’s forecast shows McPhee Reservoir will fill less than 40% of its 229,000 acre-feet active capacity, according to forecast models. The reservoir had no significant carryover supply from last year’s water season. Water shortages are across the board, except for domestic supplies for municipalities. Ute Farm and Ranch on the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation is predicted to receive about 2,000 acre-feet, or 8.5% of the 23,300 acre-feet delivered when the reservoir has a full supply. The water supply for downstream fish habitat dropped to less than 5,000 acre-feet of the 32,000 acre-feet provided when the reservoir fills. Ashley Nielson, a senior hydrologist with the Colorado River Basin Forecast Center, said snowpack in the Dolores Basin took hits from multiple angles. With the exception of a few good snowstorms, the basin has experienced an extended dry period since April 2020, she said. No monsoonal precipitation last summer dried out soils, which will cause snowmelt to be absorbed into the ground before it hits the river and McPhee. Below-normal snowpack further suffered from warm weather and high winds in April, plus dust on snow that sped up evaporation. April precipitation at the Lizard Head Pass Snotel is below normal, showing 0.2 inches, or 15% of the average 1.4 inches for the month. Farmers and water managers have been tracking a startling drop in snowpack in the past few weeks. On March 29, the Dolores Basin snowpack showed 83% of average for snow-water equivalent. On April 19, the snow-water equivalent had dropped to 32%. “It disappeared fast, and it could still get drier,” Curtis said. jmimiaga@the-journal.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/navigating-the-varied-world-of-olive-oils/</link>
        <title>Navigating the varied world of olive oils</title>
        <description>A variety of olive oils are displayed at a grocery store March 12 in New Milford, Conn. There is a lot of confusion about which olives oils to buy and how to use them.Courtesy of Katie Workman via AP For...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 20 Apr 2021 22:40:11 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=3058969A-FB4C-4714-9942-8B5D91642131&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[A variety of olive oils are displayed at a grocery store March 12 in New Milford, Conn. There is a lot of confusion about which olives oils to buy and how to use them.Courtesy of Katie Workman via AP If you’ve been in the olive oil section of the grocery store lately, you’ve likely been confronted with a lot of choices. Possibly even a wall of olive oils, with different symbols on the bottles and a whole lot of brands to choose from. For most of us, the world of olive oil is a bit of a mystery, and you may find yourself with the same kind of uncertainty you feel in a wine store when contemplating the plethora of bottles lined up. My friend Ted called me up a while back and asked, “Should I buy the extra virgin olive oil, or should I go with something more experienced?” Yes, the jokes about extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are easy, but the fact remains: There is a lot of confusion about which olives oils to buy and how to use them. So let’s get into it. What kind of olive oils should you keep on hand, and which should you use when? First, let’s dive into the meaning of extra virgin, virgin and pure olive oil. The term extra virgin, which also might be labeled cold-pressed, refers to oil made from the first pressing or milling of fresh, young, green olives. According to Vincent Ricchiuti, a fourth-generation farmer in Fresno, California, who founded Enzo Olive Oil, “One of the most important things for quality and freshness is how fast you get the olives from the tree to the mill.” His organic olives go from the tree to bottle within 24 hours. The flavor of extra virgin olive oils can range widely. Grapes, regions, weather – all affect the taste and quality, just like wine. Good-quality extra virgin olive oils usually have pleasant notes of bitterness, and different oils will have more specific flavor nuances: You may hear yourself using words like peppery, grassy, vegetal, sweet or almondy. The intensity of flavor varies from delicate to assertive, though good extra virgin olive oil should always taste fresh and clean. The color may range from a rich glowing green to golden yellow. Pure olive oil is made from the paste or pomace that remains after the first pressing. Usually there are chemicals involved in this process, and this oil is best used for cooking and frying, as its flavor tends to be blander and less nuanced than extra virgin olive oils. Virgin olive oil is usually a blend of extra virgin and pure olive oils. Very good extra virgin olive oil is best used in cold preparations, rather than cooked, to get the most out of its singular flavor. Think about salad dressings, and drizzling over any finished dish, from soups to fish to crostini. If there is a harvest date on the bottle, check that it is from the previous fall’s harvest. Some cooks hesitate about using good olive oil because of its lower smoke point, the temperature at which it begins to burn. Francesca van Soest, technical sales and marketing manager for Australian-based Cobram Estate, studied olive oil in college and says, “There has been this unsubstantiated rumor that you cannot cook with EVOO because of its smoke point for far too long. If you go to Europe, everyone has been cooking with extra virgin olive oil for millennia, so why do we believe that we can’t here?” Rolando Beramendi, founder of the California-based Italian food importer Manicaretti, adds, “you just need to be very good friends with your flames” when you cook with olive oil and make sure the temperature doesn’t get too high. You may have noticed a large discrepancy in olive oil prices. Where to splurge and where to economize?A variety of olive oils are displayed at a grocery store March 26 in Waterbury, Vt. There is a lot of confusion about which olives oils to buy and how to use them. For most of us, the world of olive oil is a bit of a mystery, and you may find yourself with an uncertainty similar to the one you feel in a wine store when you are contemplating the plethora of bottles lined up for the choosing.Carolyn Lessard/Associated Press Shop for olive oil at stores with high turnover, so it hasn’t been sitting on the shelf for months. Besides local grocery stores, there are of course online and specialty shops that sell a wide variety of artisanal, small-batch extra virgin olive oils that can be pricy but worth the splurge. “As far as the money you are spending, think about that we are quick to buy a $35 bottle of wine, and drink it in the same meal. But a $35 dollar bottle of olive oil (stored properly), can last for months, so you’re getting more than a good bang for your buck,” Beramendi says. If you use a lot of olive oil (and dear reader, that would be me), proper storage is less of an issue because you will use it up before its quality really declines. The best way to store olive oil is sealed, in a cool, dark place (if you store your olive oil by the stove, don’t!). Some manufacturers bottle their olive oil in dark or even opaque bottles to prevent light from accelerating oxidation of the oil. Light, heat and air are the enemies of stored olive oil. Stored properly, good extra virgin olive oil will last for months, and a more commercially produced one should last for at least a year. If it smells or tastes rancid, toss it. Quality olive oils come from all over. Italy is one of the most famous producers, but so are Greece, Spain and, in recent decades, California. Good olive oil is also produced in countries as diverse as Australia, Tunisia, Turkey, Morocco and Croatia. In Italy alone, Sardinia, Sicily, Umbria, Tuscany, Apulia and Liguria are among the regions revered for their distinctive oils. Most olive oil-producing regions have third-party verification and accreditation, and van Soest urges buyers to look for those seals on the bottle. She says there is a “regretfully large level of adulteration and mislabeling” around the world. The world of flavored olive oils is also robust. Enzo makes two lines of flavored olive oils. Infused ones are made on a larger scale from a combination of extra virgin olive oil mixed with organic essential oils such as garlic, basil and Meyer Lemon. Then there is the pricier “crush” series, where raw ingredients, such as locally grown clementines and Fresno chilies, are crushed with the olives. Of course, like wine, like cheese, like chocolate, to start to learn about olive oil is to scratch the surface of a deep and ancient food tradition. But just by experimenting a bit, and maybe spending a few extra dollars, you’ll see the delicious results right away.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/u-s-water-managers-warn-of-dismal-year-along-the-rio-grande/</link>
        <title>U.S. water managers warn of dismal year along the Rio Grande</title>
        <description>The Rio Grande flows through Rio Rancho, N.M., on April 13. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation released its annual operating plan for the river April 15, saying it’s going to be a tough year because of below average snowpack and...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2021 15:33:52 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=7A682296-A573-490E-A264-F7E1ECFED24C&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The Rio Grande flows through Rio Rancho, N.M., on April 13. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation released its annual operating plan for the river April 15, saying it’s going to be a tough year because of below average snowpack and spring precipitation.Susan Montoya Bryan/Associated Press ALBUQUERQUE – It has been 30 years or so since residents in New Mexico’s largest city last saw their stretch of the Rio Grande go dry. There’s a possibility it could happen again this summer. Federal water managers released their annual operating plan for the Rio Grande on Thursday, and it doesn’t look good. Flows have been meager so far this year because of below-average snowpack in the mountains along the Colorado-New Mexico border that feed the river. Spring precipitation has done little to fill the void. Reservoirs are at a fraction of their capacity and continue to shrink. There is no opportunity to replenish them because the provisions of a water-sharing agreement with Texas prevent New Mexico from storing water upstream. That means the drought-stricken state has no extra water in the bank to fall back on, as it has in pervious years. Matters are further complicated because of extremely low soil moisture levels. That, along with warm temperatures, means much of the melting snow will be absorbed or evaporate before it reaches the river. “Just low dismal numbers all around,” Ed Kandl, a hydrologist with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation said during a virtual meeting that included representatives from municipalities, tribal governments, irrigation districts, state agencies and a rafting company. The Rio Grande is one of North America’s longest rivers and a major water source for millions people and thousands of square miles of farmland in New Mexico, Texas and Mexico. The Bureau of Reclamation warned Thursday that a stellar monsoon season would be the only saving grace, but the odds of that happening are slim. The Pecos River that delivers water to parts of eastern New Mexico and West Texas is in a similar situation, and federal officials recently issued a report indicating releases on the Colorado River – which feeds several western states – will continue to be limited because of the lack of water flowing into Lake Powell. So aside from residents in Albuquerque seeing sandbars take over the Rio Grande, farmers in central and southern New Mexico will have a shorter growing season with less water for crops. It also means less water for the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow. Plans already are being made for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to rescue fish from drying portions of the river. The rescue missions have become a regular practice in recent years. Near the small agricultural community of San Acacia, officials predicted that river drying would start in June and likely last through November, barring any relief from summer rains. Last year also was tough, but officials said 2021 will likely mark one of the worst since the 1950s. They said the state’s largest reservoir – Elephant Butte in southern New Mexico – could drop to just 3% of capacity. Carolyn Donnelly, the bureau’s water operations supervisor for the area, said contractors will be monitoring the river for drying as far north as Albuquerque, and managers will try to stretch what little water they have as far as it can go.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/durango-spiritual-experiences-group-hosts-meetings/</link>
        <title>Durango Spiritual Experiences group hosts meetings</title>
        <description>Each meeting offers a new spiritual topic for discussion. Participants practice exercises and contemplation, and discuss how to incorporate lessons into daily life and expand awareness. This Meetup group, sponsored by Eckankar as a community service, is a spiritual resource...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2021 14:30:39 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Durango Spiritual Experiences group hosts a monthly Twelve Secrets to Spiritual Living meeting series through Meetup and Zoom. Each meeting offers a new spiritual topic for discussion. Participants practice exercises and contemplation, and discuss how to incorporate lessons into daily life and expand awareness. This Meetup group, sponsored by Eckankar as a community service, is a spiritual resource for people of all faiths and beliefs. Eckankar is the Path of Spiritual Freedom. It is an individual, creative practice to experience and explore a unique relationship with the Divine. Meetings are free, but do require preregistration. For more information and to register, visit www.meetup.com/durango-spiritual-experiences-group. Each meeting offers a new spiritual topic for discussion. Participants practice exercises and contemplation, and discuss how to incorporate lessons into daily life and expand awareness. This Meetup group, sponsored by Eckankar as a community service, is a spiritual resource for people of all faiths and beliefs. Eckankar is the Path of Spiritual Freedom. It […]]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/dogs-multiply-as-pandemic-hinders-vet-service-on-navajo-nation/</link>
        <title>Dogs multiply as pandemic hinders vet service on Navajo Nation</title>
        <description>A sheepherding dog named Red rests in the morning sun before going out with the flock of Navajo rancher Leslie Dele outside Tuba City, Ariz., in April 2020. Because veterinary clinics closed during the pandemic, the dog population on the...</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 18 Apr 2021 19:03:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=AA4269C8-CDF7-44D1-979A-CE6D9F91EC34&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[A sheepherding dog named Red rests in the morning sun before going out with the flock of Navajo rancher Leslie Dele outside Tuba City, Ariz., in April 2020. Because veterinary clinics closed during the pandemic, the dog population on the Navajo Nation is estimated to have grown to 250,000.Associated Press file GALLUP, N.M. (AP) – Gloria Skeet used to run a couple of miles from her home to her sister’s place on the Navajo Nation just south of Gallup – until the dogs started to chase her. “It was around 2008 that I started developing anxiety because there was a pack of dogs that would follow me,” Skeet, the Bááháálí Chapter manager said. “I was running with my dogs and I felt safe with them, but after that man in Sundance was killed by a pack of dogs, I thought, ‘Oh my God, when are they going to find my dead body?’” Skeet was referring to Larry Armstrong, a 55-year-old Navajo man who was found dead in 2010 on a dirt road about 5 miles east of Gallup. When law enforcement found Armstrong, a pack of malnourished dogs was gnawing on his body. Armstrong, who suffered from seizures, died from dog bites, according to the autopsy. Skeet, who has rescued dozens of dogs and even adopted some from her community and from the side of the highway, said there are thousands of dogs roaming in the Bááháálí Chapter area, and they mostly belong to someone. She said some families can’t afford to feed them and let them roam, fend for themselves and multiply in numbers that have become unmanageable. “In just one Navajo camp, there are 92 dogs. And one family has about 18 dogs,” she said. “The thing is, the Navajo Nation has some really good laws but it does not have the capacity to enforce these laws.” Navajo Nation Animal Control Manager Kevin Gleason said homeowners are allowed to have up to four dogs. At Navajo Housing Authority rentals, tenants can have two. It’s hard to enforce those laws when the Navajo Nation has only six animal control officers for an area that spans about 27,000 square miles. Gleason said when his officers impound a dog, the violator “just gets another dog.” Last year, the pandemic forced Navajo authorities to shut down three of four animal shelters – in Tuba City and Many Farms, Arizona, and Shiprock, New Mexico. The only open shelter was in Fort Defiance, Arizona, and only two officers worked for most of 2020. Gleason said his officers normally pick up or receive about 20,000 to 30,000 dogs a year. About 80% to 90% of the animals taken to those shelters are euthanized. In 2020, his program picked up or received about 7,000. Gleason estimates the dog population on the reservation to be back at 250,000 dogs, just like 10 years ago. The pandemic not only affected the animal shelters, it also affected spay and neuter efforts and other veterinarian services on the Navajo Nation. Dr. Kelly Upshaw-Bia, Navajo Nation veterinarian with the Navajo Nation Veterinary Program based in Tse Bonito, said the vet mobile unit was not used during the pandemic. The unit typically travels through the Navajo Nation, providing massive vaccination and spay and neuter services in rural areas where otherwise families would not have access to vet services. Upshaw-Bia said spay and neuter efforts may help control the dog population, but she believes there’s a need for grassroots efforts and education in these communities. “Community support is important. I don’t know if we are there yet,” she said. She said there were times when the vet unit would go to rural communities where only a handful of people would show up with their animals. “That can be an issue. We try to pick up chapters that are more active,” Upshaw-Bia said. The Navajo Nation Veterinary Program has two vets on staff spaying and neutering every week, including Upshaw-Bia. In an average week, she spays and neuters 20 to 25 dogs. Spay and neuter efforts are provided to the community at the vet clinics on the Navajo Nation by appointment. Usually, they are booked a month in advance. “It would be nice to have more clinics, but you would need more veterinarians,” she said. Upshaw-Bia acknowledged attracting vets could be an issue if the Navajo Nation does not offer a competitive salary. Back at the Bááháálí Chapter, Skeet said the last time a mobile unit visited her community to conduct a spay and neuter clinic was many years ago. She’s certain her community would take advantage of a low-income spay and neuter clinic because when the tribe offers a “surrender day” for people to give up unwanted dogs, they show up with dozens of dogs and cats. “I know 99% of those dogs and cats are going to be euthanized, and I don’t want to be here when they have the surrender day. That breaks my heart,” she said.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/dolores-river-anglers-seeks-water-quality-protection-for-streams/</link>
        <title>Dolores River Anglers seeks water quality protection for streams</title>
        <description>Outstanding Waters status would preserve water quality, not affect water rights</description>
        <pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2021 21:48:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Outstanding Waters status would preserve water quality, not affect water rights The Dolores River Anglers Chapter of Trout Unlimited seeks to designate nine stream reaches in the Upper Dolores River watershed for Outstanding Waters status. The designation offers protection for water quality only and does not include a water right or affect water rights, flows or downstream users. The nine streams proposed for the Dolores Basin are all within the San Juan National Forest and do not flow across or adjacent to private property. The candidate stream sections are in Bear Creek, Stoner Creek, Upper West Fork to Burro Bridge, Priest Gulch Creek, Wildcat Creek, Coal Creek, Slate Creek, East Fork Creek and Snow Spur Creek.Nine sections of streams in the Dolores River Basin are being considered for designation as Outstanding Waters by the Colorado Water Quality Control Commission.Dolores River Anglers Outstanding water designation requests are reviewed and decided on by the Water Quality Control Commission of Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The three-year process includes three public hearings. The first one was held in November, and will be followed by hearings in November and June 2022. Duncan Rose, Dolores River Anglers conservation co-chairman, said the purpose of seeking Outstanding Waters status is to increase habitat protection for the rapidly declining native and wild trout populations in the Upper Dolores River Basin, which have been affected by long-term drought. In 2016, according to Dolores River Anglers’ studies, 24 perennial streams – flowing year-round – contained native cutthroat populations in the Upper Dolores River watershed, he said. Last fall, seven of the 24 perennial streams had become intermittent streams, which dry up periodically and leave no habitat for fish. Dewatered streams at lower elevations in the Dolores watershed are not good candidates for Outstanding Waters status and are not being considered. ‘Strongholds’ for trout Rose said after “careful analysis” over several years, Dolores River Anglers, in cooperation with Colorado Trout Unlimited and Colorado Parks and Wildlife, identified nine perennial streams for Outstanding Waters status because “their native cutthroat populations and habitat have characteristics of long-term strongholds” for trout habitat. “They were chosen because the streams appear capable of surviving increasing drought and other major natural disturbances over the long term,” he said.East Fork Creek, a headwater tributary of the Dolores River, is being considered for Outstanding Waters status.Duncan Rose/Dolores River Anglers Streams that are awarded Outstanding Waters status are protected from actions that would deteriorate their high level of water quality, Rose said. For example, new trails, roads or any national forest projects that could degrade stream water quality would require mitigation strategies, or be moved farther from the streams. Short term, temporary degradation is allowed for activities that result in long-term ecological benefit or clear public interest. Outstanding Waters status does not prohibit development, Rose said; it requires extra care and mitigation to protect the streams from degradation. “It says, ‘If you do something here, you can’t damage the quality of the water,’” he said. “The point is that we have this rare resource that links to everything in the community, from trout habitat and domestic water supply, to farming and ranching and recreation. Looking to the future, we believe that now is the time to put some protections in for water quality, and Outstanding Waters designation is a tool do help with that.” According to CDPHE, Outstanding Waters status is awarded “to reaches of streams, rivers or other bodies of water with very high water quality and exceptional recreational or ecological significance that are deemed worthy of increased protections.” For a stream or part of a stream to qualify, it must meet high thresholds of water quality criteria, with data gathered across a wide range of measures. Designation occurs through a three-year rule-making hearing process that includes three public hearings. Existing uses protected According to Outstanding Waters regulations, legitimate land use and recreation activities that are in existence on San Juan National Forest land at the time of a designation should not be affected unless future use intensifies or changes to the point that water quality degrades from the time of designation. Examples of existing activities include grazing, recreation, hiking, biking, cycling, camping, fishing, kayaking and timber harvesting. In 2012, when Rio Lado Creek, Little Taylor Creek and Spring Creek were designated as Outstanding Waters, the state Water Quality Control Commission said: “The commission understands that there are existing land uses, including grazing permits, in place in the watershed. The evidence demonstrates that these existing land uses are compatible with the Outstanding Waters designation, since the current high level of water quality has been attained with these uses in place.”Water sampling is done to determine water quality levels of creeks in the Dolores River Basin being considered for an Outstanding Waters designation.Courtesy Dolores River Anglers The commission added that Outstanding Waters designation “should not be the basis” for federal, state or local agencies to place “more onerous or costly conditions upon permits or approvals existing at the time of the designation, or upon any renewals thereof.” Year-round water quality sampling on the nine nominated streams is ongoing, Rose said, as is community outreach. The proposal has been presented to the Montezuma and Dolores county commissioners. In November, the Colorado Water Quality Control Board will hold a second public hearing to review the nominated streams, address questions and concerns, solve issues and decide whether to drop certain streams from consideration. Comments and questions about the candidate streams can be emailed to dra145tu@gmail.com. For more information on Colorado outstanding waters, visit https://cdphe.colorado.gov/wqcc. jmimiaga@the-journal.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/before-powell-did-indigenous-people-run-the-grand-canyon/</link>
        <title>Before Powell: Did Indigenous people run the Grand Canyon?</title>
        <description>Tule reed raft stands the test of one of the West’s epic journeys</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2021 11:33:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Tule reed raft stands the test of one of the West’s epic journeysPeter Brown takes the tule raft into Hance Rapid, one of the largest rapids on the Grand Canyon. The raft was built by Tom Martin to see if a watercraft made out of native plants could survive the epic journey through the canyon.Courtesy of Tom Martin Throughout the history of the West, it’s commonly accepted that the grizzled, one-armed Civil War major and geologist John Wesley Powell was the first to journey by river into the treacherous and unknown depths of the Grand Canyon. But is it possible, or even likely, Native Americans had long preceded Powell in floating down the big ditch? This winter, renowned river runner Tom Martin challenged the notion that Powell’s expedition was indeed the first descent, deciding to build a watercraft out of traditional materials and have a friend ride it through the canyon. “The history of boating is really well-documented from Powell forward,” Martin said. “(But) this is something we need to give a lot more credit to the Indigenous people of the Colorado River.” As the Colorado River cuts through the deep and storied walls of the Grand Canyon, it forms some of the biggest, most unpredictable and often dangerous whitewater on the continent. At the time Powell set off in the late 1800s, the risks and brutality of the Colorado River would have been even more intense, as in the years since, the construction of Glen Canyon Dam has effectively regulated flows and buried rapids. But given the fact Indigenous people have lived within the canyon walls for nearly 12,000 years, Martin started to question whether it was fair to assume Native people had floated down the river long before Europeans arrived. With the convincing combination of oral histories that talk about epic river journeys, and proving native materials at hand could have produced a craft that could have survived the unforgiving voyage, Martin came closer to his answer. Powell’s 1869 run Powell first set out for the unknown depths of the Grand Canyon in May 1869 from Green River, Wyoming, with 10 men and four Whitehall wooden boats, designed for travel on harbors and lakes, not the complicated and technical rapids that lay ahead. A few weeks in, one of the boats was destroyed in a rapid in Lodore Canyon, known as Disaster Falls. For most of the trip thereafter, the crew of Civil War veterans, trappers and frontiersmen would portage the major rapids. “The boats are entirely unmanageable,” Powell wrote in his journal on Aug. 15, now in the Grand Canyon. “No order in their running can be preserved.” In August 1869, Powell and his badly beaten crew emerged from the walls of the Grand Canyon, down to six men. (Fed up, three had left the party at Separation Canyon and were never heard from again. One left early on in the trip.) Just two boats survived the nearly 14-week, 1,000-mile journey. In his seminal book, The Emerald Mile, author Kevin Fedarko estimated the crew ran 414 rapids and portaged or lined the boats through another hundred or so. “I am convinced that no man has ever run such rapids on a raft,” one of the crew members, George Young Bradley, wrote in his journal in 1869. As news spread, the expedition was hailed across the country as a wild success, and Powell became a national hero as the first person to chart what was considered the last unexplored region by Western settlers in the United States. (There are unconfirmed rumors, it should be noted, a man named James White rode a log through the canyon in 1867.) Indigenous river runners Martin, however, said he started to question whether Powell’s journey was in fact the first descent, and it didn’t take long to connect the dots that Native American tribes in the region could have very well run the river long before.Peter Brown takes the tule raft out at the put-in for the Grand Canyon at Lee&#x2019;s Ferry to test if it floated. Not only did the raft float, it was able to survive the entire 200-plus-mile journey down the Grand Canyon.Courtesy of Tom Martin “The more I looked into the history, the more I discovered there were mariners in the Colorado River long before John Wesley Powell,” he said. Although perhaps not given as much credit as is due, Native American tribes were skilled boaters with a rich history of building elaborate and sturdy watercraft, especially at the lower end of the Colorado River basin. “The Indigenous people of the Americas were doing amazing things ... and not even getting their feet wet,” Martin said. “We all talk about stand-up paddleboards? Well guess what, SUPs have been around thousands of years.” While much is known about tribes along coastal areas, little existed, at least in written records, of any accounts of Indigenous peoples floating through the Grand Canyon, despite clear evidence of thriving settlements in the canyon for thousands of years. Martin did, however, stumble across hints here and there, finding an account from the 1950s that referenced an ancient reed boat stored and hidden in a Native American ruin near the Nankoweap granaries, in the upper part of the Grand Canyon.Peter Brown said the tule raft was just about as buoyant and intact on his last day on the river as it was on the first. Here, Brown is pictured near the end of the Grand Canyon.Courtesy of Tom Martin “It was supposed to contain a boat made of some kind of rushes,” Martin said. “No one ever found it ... and that’s all we have that puts any type of watercraft in the Grand Canyon that long ago.” Building a tule reed raft Fast forward to the year 2020. Martin, who has written just about every river guide book out there, won a permit to run the Grand Canyon. With these stories of the past running through his mind, he decided to build a watercraft out of traditional materials, and put it to the test. Martin planned to use tule, a tall reed that grows in dense stands along shorelines and wetlands. Native to the Colorado River basin, tule has been used for years to make baskets, cords, sandals and, yes, watercraft. After receiving permission from the Bureau of Land Management, Martin harvested tule from an area along the Colorado River in Arizona, throwing it on top of his pickup truck and driving back to his home in Flagstaff, Arizona, where he dried it out.Hazel Clark holds the tule strands and a completed bundle. River runner Tom Martin harvested the tule in Arizona and built a raft for a Grand Canyon trip this winter.Courtesy of Tom Martin With only a few weeks to prepare, Martin and his fellow river runners had to make quick work. After the tule dried out, they tied it into three bundles, resembling the form of an inflatable kayak. “It’s a whisk broom compared to what Indigenous people today make,” he said. “We didn’t have a lot of time between the idea of inception and needing to get on the river.” With the tule raft made, and Martin’s winter Grand Canyon trip fast approaching, all he needed was a guinea pig, which he found in his old high school friend and tree researcher Peter Brown. Up for the task Martin, for his part, didn’t have high hopes for the slapdash raft, given the name “Lotsaknots.” “I thought we’d at least get a couple days down the river,” he said. Once on the river, however, the opposite rang true. Brown, too, had his doubts at first. At the put-in at Lee’s Ferry, Brown said no one knew whether the tule raft would even float. But once he took it out on the flat water, it moved well and, most importantly, it floated. Most people, Brown included, thought that after a few miles down the river, and after some rapids, the tule raft would break apart and lose its buoyancy, and Brown would board another raft for the remainder of the trip. But little by little, it became strikingly clear the tule raft was up for the task. Perhaps most shocking was the watercraft lost little of its buoyancy, with Brown taking it out of the river every day to let it dry out. “We didn’t think we’d make it all that far, but it just kept going,” Brown said. “It was wonderful.” Brown took the tule raft through some of the Grand Canyon’s most harrowing rapids – House Rock, Hance, Hermit, Granite and even the Lava Falls, considered the biggest and most venerated rapid on the entire trip. He admittedly didn’t always have a clean run, sometimes falling off and flipping the raft amid the gauntlet of whitewater, but he was almost always able to recover and get back on. Brown, it should be noted, is not a kayaker. But he quickly learned the nuances of the tule raft, choosing to straddle it with his legs for better balance instead of keeping his feet up and out of the water. After 30 days and 278 miles down the river, the tule raft survived intact. “It was as structurally sound, buoyant and easy to move through the water on the last day as it was on the first day,” Brown said. Yes, Brown had the luxuries of modern river running, such as a personal flotation device and a dry suit. He also used a cheap paddle from Walmart (though the history of wooden paddle making by Indigenous tribes dates back centuries). And yes, the dammed Colorado River is much different today than it would have been for Native American tribes. Pre-Glen Canyon Dam, the river would have been subject to more intense water fluctuations, though water temperatures would have been generally warmer. But the experiment, Martin said, at least proves Indigenous people, who have occupied the region for an estimated 12,000 years, would have had the means to float the entirety of Grand Canyon. “You start putting these pieces together and it’s pretty fun,” Martin said. Reconstructing ancient technologies Matthew Sakiestewa Gilbert, a professor and head of the Department of American Indian Studies at the University of Arizona, said it’s been well-documented how skilled and able Indigenous people were on the water. A member of the Hopi tribe, Gilbert, however, said many of these technologies are underappreciated and even sometimes unrecognized, which make reconstruction experiments and putting them to the test all the more important. “People look at a canoe that floats and doesn’t sink, and we’re surprised by that,” he said. “Yet we shouldn’t be surprised. Native people had come up with modes of transportation that actually worked, through trial and error.” “This is Indian intelligence at work,” he said.Tule, native to the Colorado River basin, is a tall reed that grows in wetlands and has been used for centuries to make baskets, cords and watercraft.Courtesy of Tom Martin Indeed, reconstructing ancient technologies has had impacts across the world. In Hawaii in the 1970s, for instance, Native residents reconstructed an ancient Polynesian canoe, sailing it with traditional navigation tools 5,500 miles from Tahiti to Hawaii and back, to prove their ancestors were capable of the voyage. Native Hawaiian and lead navigator Nainoa Thompson said on Anthony Bourdain’s show “Parts Unknown” the trip sparked a rebirth in Hawaiian pride and identity for many people on the island. “The success was monumental,” Thompson said. “That our ancestors were powerful. They were extraordinarily intelligent. They were courageous, and they were skilled. And so we come from them.” Indigenous oral histories In the American Southwest, couple capable technology with oral histories of river running and it becomes more convincing Indigenous people likely took trips down harrowing canyons long before Westerners arrived. And there’s clear evidence tribes along the Colorado River have such stories, from both the nearby Hopi and Navajo. The Hopi story of Tiyo, for instance, tells of a young man who traveled down the Colorado River in a hollowed out log to the Sea of Cortez and beyond, according to a report from the University of Arizona. Attempts to contact the Havasupai tribe, who live within the Grand Canyon, were not successful for this story. “These original accounts from Native American communities ... they give Indigenous people an understanding of their past, present and future,” Gilbert said. “These stories give meaning to life for Indigenous communities.” Shawn Brigman, a canoe maker and member of the Spokane Tribe of Indians, said he has reconstructed several ancient forms of watercraft over the years, and he’s continually impressed by their functionality. “They’re watercraft designed specifically to get tasks done quickly,” he said. “It’s high technology.” That someone rebuilt a boat out of tule reeds and successfully ran it through the onslaught of rapids in the Grand Canyon is no small feat, Brigman said. “That’s going to draw a lot of attention to that technology,” he said. Martin, for his part, said he hopes his spur-of-the-moment experiment at least kicks off the conversation and brings a renewed attention to ancient forms of river running, especially in the Grand Canyon. “It’s just an amazing watercraft,” he said. jromeo@durangoherald.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/cuban-cooks-overcome-shortages-with-ingenuity-on-facebook/</link>
        <title>Cuban cooks overcome shortages with ingenuity on Facebook</title>
        <description>Can’t find the ingredients you want? No problem: Yuliet Colón will help you whip up a dessert using the eggs you ran across, swap pork for the ground chicken in that recipe, even peanuts for beans in your Cuban-style rice....</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 13 Apr 2021 15:49:59 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=FC0C3A39-4D41-442D-97A8-0EDA6469259D&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[HAVANA –If you don’t have potato, use malanga root. If you can’t find zucchini, replace it with cucumber. Can’t find the ingredients you want? No problem: Yuliet Colón will help you whip up a dessert using the eggs you ran across, swap pork for the ground chicken in that recipe, even peanuts for beans in your Cuban-style rice. She’s among a number of Cubans who, with more ingenuity than resources, help their compatriots cope with shortages exacerbated by the new coronavirus pandemic with Facebook posts of culinary creations designed around what they’re actually likely to find at the market or with government rations. “I love Master Chef Spain, but where do I get liquid nitrogen in this country?” joked Colón, a 39-year-old mother of two and one of the creators of the Facebook page, “Recipes from the Heart.” The site, launched in June, how has more than 12,000 members – many of them on an island just becoming accustomed to social media through recently improved internet access. The combination of COVID-19, which shut off income from tourism on the island, local economic productivity woes and sharpened U.S. sanctions imposed by former President Donald Trump has led to increased scarcities in Cuba, where gross domestic product decreased by 11% in 2020. Long lines became noticeable last year, and 2021 opened with government economic reforms that effectively raised both prices and pay – though not always at the same rate. Colón last week visited an agricultural market near her house and, after standing in lines for about 40 minutes, bought the few vegetables she found. She used them to create something that she called “Cuban-style pisto manchego” which includes onion, peppers, tomato, eggplant and cucumber – winning admiring comments from other group members. These days, Cuban household staples come and go without warning. When toothpaste appears, deodorant disappears, and when it returns, soap and toilet paper have vanished. The same is true for rice, beans, milk, cheese, onions, tomato and garlic. Fruit has not been seen for weeks. Sometimes potato disappears, prompting Cubans to turn to other tubers popular in the region, yuca or rough-skinned malanga. The Facebook site has become a home for proposals about how to prepare chicken when it’s available or create artisanal cheeses with others aren’t available. “There are a lot of shortages”, lamented Colón in the small kitchen of her house while she prepared her “pisto manchego,” chopping the vegetables and photographing the process before uploading the images. She added a bit of fresh basil and oregano she took from a small flowerbed that a relative grows at the side of her house. “What I like the most is making desserts, but now it’s hard to get eggs, milk or flour,” Colón said. The Facebook page is an internet-era democratization of earlier efforts to help Cubans make due in hard times, notably after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which devastated the economy of its Caribbean ally in the early 1990s. A TV cooking show at that time once offered suggestions for cooking grapefruit rind steaks. Thanks to arrival of internet access, services to manage food or deliver merchandise have proliferated and relatives abroad can even directly pay telephone bills for those on the island. Cubans can share tips on WhatsApp or Twitter about which stores are stocked with which products. They’ve also helped make authorities more accountable in some cases – as when a state factory distributed croquettes that cooks complained seemed to explode when put in oil and authorities responded with explanations in the local press. Colón relies on the internet to communicate with her mother, whose deposits help pay for web access that keeps her on Facebook. Colón usually adds a few family anecdotes in her posts. “The kitchen is my happy place, where I am calmer and I feel better,” she said.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/interior-secretary-steps-into-utah-public-lands-tug-of-war/</link>
        <title>Interior secretary steps into Utah public lands tug-of-war</title>
        <description>A string of U.S. officials has heard from those who advocate for broadening national monuments to protect the area’s many archaeological and cultural sites, considered sacred to surrounding tribes, and those who fiercely oppose what they see as federal overreach....</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 13 Apr 2021 05:36:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[SALT LAKE CITY – For decades, a public lands tug-of-war has played out over a vast expanse of southern Utah where red rocks reveal petroglyphs and cliff dwellings and distinctive twin buttes bulge from a grassy valley. A string of U.S. officials has heard from those who advocate for broadening national monuments to protect the area’s many archaeological and cultural sites, considered sacred to surrounding tribes, and those who fiercely oppose what they see as federal overreach. On Thursday, Interior Secretary Deb Haaland was the latest Cabinet official to visit Bears Ears National Monument – and the first Indigenous one.U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland tours near ancient dwellings along the Butler Wash trail during a visit to Bears Ears National Monument Thursday April 8, 2021, near Blanding, Utah.Rick Bowmer/Associated Press Haaland, a member of Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico, met with tribes and elected officials at Bears Ears as she prepares to submit recommendations on whether to reverse President Donald Trump’s decision to downsize that site and Grand Staircase-Escalante, another Utah national monument. “I know that decisions about public lands are incredibly impactful to the people who live nearby. But not just to us, not to just the folks who are here today, but people for generations to come,” Haaland told reporters during a news conference in the town of Blanding. “It’s our obligation to make sure that we protect lands for future generations so they can have the same experiences that the governor and I experienced today.”The two buttes that make up the namesake for Utah&#x2019;s Bears Ears National Monument in southeastern Utah. U.S. Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland will visit Utah this week before submitting a review on national monuments in the state. She&#x2019;s expected to submit a report to President Joe Biden after she meets with tribes and elected leaders at Bears Ears National Monument on Thursday, April 8, 2021.Associated Press file The visit underscores Haaland’s unique position as the first Native American to lead a department that has broad authority over tribal nations, as well as energy development and other uses for the country’s sprawling federal lands. “She brings something that no other cabinet secretary has brought, which is that her Indigenous communities are coming with her in that room,” said Char Miller, a professor of environmental analysis at Pomona College. Miller said the outcome of the negotiations will shed light on how the Biden administration plans to respond to other public lands disputes and will likely impact subsequent conversations with other states on natural resources.The Butler Wash Ruins within Bears Ears National Monument near Blanding, Utah. U.S. Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland will visit Utah this week before submitting a review on national monuments in the state. She&#x2019;s expected to submit a report to President Joe Biden after she meets with tribes and elected leaders at Bears Ears National Monument on Thursday, April 8, 2021.Associated Press file Haaland faces competing interests: Tribes across the U.S. hailed her confirmation as a chance to have their voices heard and their land and rights protected, while Republican leaders have labeled her a “radical” who could, along with President Joe Biden, stunt oil and gas development and destroy thousands of jobs. Pat Gonzales-Rogers, executive director of the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition, said he looked forward to Haaland seeking tribes’ input, which he called a “far cry” from her predecessors in the Trump administration. He noted Haaland is familiar with the landscape – Bears Ears contains many sites of spiritual importance to New Mexico’s pueblos – but acknowledged she had a responsibility to hear from all sides. “She is the interior secretary for all of us, and that also requires her to engage other groups.”Rep. Blake Moore, left, looks on as Sen. Mitt Romney speaks during a news conference following a tour with U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland to Bears Ears National Monument Thursday, April 8, 2021, near Blanding, Utah.Rick Bowmer/Associated Press The coalition wants the monument restored to its original size, or even enlarged, but Gonzales-Rogers said he hoped Haaland’s visit would at least be a step toward a more certainty. “All parties would like to see some permanence, and they don’t want it to vacillate between either administrations or political ideology,” he said. Prominent Utah Republicans, including U.S. Sen. Mitt Romney and new Gov. Spencer Cox, have expressed concern with the review under Biden’s administration and demanded state leaders be involved. Haaland met with them, along with Lt. Gov. Deidre Henderson and U.S. Rep. Blake Moore during her visit. The Utah delegation called on Biden to work with Congress and others toward a permanent legislative fix regarding the monuments’ borders and management, The Salt Lake Tribune reported.Utah Gov. Spencer Cox speaks during a news conference following a tour with U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland to Bears Ears National Monument Thursday, April 8, 2021, near Blanding, Utah.Rick Bowmer/Associated Press “Can we find the solutions? I think there is an opportunity for that, to provide the resources that are needed,” Cox told reporters Thursday. “But all of those things can only be done through legislation. It can’t be done through an executive order.” Former President Barack Obama proclaimed Bears Ears a national monument in 2016. The site was the first to receive the designation at the specific request of tribes. Its boundaries were downsized by 85% under the Trump administration, while Grand Staircase-Escalante was cut nearly in half. The reductions paved the way for potential coal mining, and oil and gas drilling on lands that were previously off-limits. Activity was limited because of market forces. Since Trump downsized the monuments, more visitors have come to the sites and put natural and cultural resources at risk, said Phil Francis, chair of the Coalition to Protect America’s National Parks. “Every day that goes by leaves the irreplaceable resources at Bears Ears and Grand Staircase vulnerable to damage or destruction from looting, vandalism or other threats as a result of lack of protective management,” Francis said ahead of Haaland’s visit.A section of ancient dwellings are seen during U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland&#x2019;s tour along the Butler Wash trail at Bears Ears National Monument Thursday, April 8, 2021, near Blanding, Utah.Rick Bowmer/Associated Press Environmental, tribal, paleontological and outdoor recreation organizations are suing to restore the monuments’ original boundaries, arguing presidents don’t have legal authority to change monuments their predecessors created. On the flip side, Republicans have argued Democratic presidents misused the Antiquities Act signed by President Theodore Roosevelt to designate monuments beyond what’s necessary to protect archaeological and cultural resources. Haaland will be a key player in deciding what comes next. She has said she will follow Biden’s agenda, not her own, on oil and gas drilling, and told reporters at a briefing last week that her report to the president will reflect conversations with people who know and understand the area. The administration has said the decision to review the monuments is part of an expansive plan to tackle climate change and reverse the Trump administration’s “harmful policies.” But Mike Noel, a former state representative and vocal critic of expanding the monuments, said it would be a mistake for Biden’s administration to “go back and rub salt in the wounds” by reversing Trump’s action. He said he fears that not allowing local and state officials to make these decisions will only further divide those involved. “It’s never a good thing when decisions like this are made from Washington, D.C.,” Noel said. “I just think it’s being done wrong, and I hope that the new secretary recognizes that.” Eppolito is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. Associated Press writers Susan Montoya Bryan in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Matthew Daly in Washington contributed to this story.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/mesa-verde-national-park-designated-100th-international-dark-sky-park/</link>
        <title>Mesa Verde National Park designated 100th International Dark Sky Park</title>
        <description>Lighting reduced, controlled to keep view of night sky</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 12 Apr 2021 00:49:00 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Lighting reduced, controlled to keep view of night skyThe Milky Way as seen from Mesa Verde National Park. The park has been designated as an International Dark Sky Park.Courtesy of Mesa Verde National Park Mesa Verde National Park is known for preserving ancient cultural sites, and now it will also protect the nighttime view of the stars. This year, Mesa Verde was designated the 100th International Dark Sky Park, according to a park news release. The certification recognizes the exceptional quality of the park’s night skies and provides added opportunities to enhance visitor experiences through astronomy-based interpretive programming. “We are happy to announce our work to advance the preservation of Mesa Verde’s night skies and provide visitors opportunities to experience the wonder of starry nights,” said park Superintendent Cliff Spencer. “National parks are some of the best places in America to see a breathtaking array of stars, planets and neighboring galaxies.” The multiyear application process included light pollution surveys, a light-source inventory, reducing outdoor lighting and using downcast lighting systems. Essential outdoor lighting was upgraded to energy-efficient bulbs, which reduces park costs. Dark Sky parks are also seen to create economic opportunities by promoting astronomy-based tourism. Mesa Verde’s application garnered wide community support, including from the city of Cortez, towns of Dolores and Mancos, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center and the Mesa Verde Country tourism bureau. The Dark Sky designation also serves to highlight the spiritual and practical connections the Ancestral Puebloans had with night skies and stars. “We want to work with tribal communities to bring those stories out,” said Kristy Sholly, chief of interpretation and visitor services for the park. “That connection to Native American culture is what makes Mesa Verde such a great place.” Mesa Verde’s exceptionally dark skies are an important part of the cultural landscape of the park that holds special significance to Mesa Verde’s 26 affiliated tribes, park officials said. The effort to reduce light pollution at the park to earn the Dark Sky recognition was a collective effort by park staff members and the Mesa Verde Museum Association, Spencer said. Concessionaire Aramark was also committed to the goal, Sholly said. The International Dark Sky Places Program was founded in 2001 to encourage communities, parks and protected areas around the world to preserve and protect dark sites through responsible lighting policies and public education. The park offers public night sky programs throughout the year. But because of pandemic restrictions on gatherings, the programs were canceled in 2020. They are expected to return when it is safe for people to gather again, park officials said. Events will include a celebration of the International Dark Sky Park designation. “Our stargazing events are very popular. There is a lot of interest out there, and we are excited for them to return,” Sholly said. Mesa Verde now joins a growing set of 169 International Dark Sky Places in 21 countries around the world, including 37 other sites administered by the National Park Service. The International Dark Sky certification does not carry legal or regulatory authority. The certification demonstrates a commitment by parks to improve night skies through the use of more energy-efficient, sustainable lighting. Certification also reaffirms the park’s commitment to educate the public and gateway communities about the importance of dark sky-friendly outdoor lighting and opportunities to work together toward common goals. In 2014, Hovenweep National Monument was designated as an International Dark Sky Park. In 2019, Norwood was designated as an International Dark Sky Community. Canyons of the Ancients National Monument is in the process of applying for the Dark Sky status.The Milky Way above Hovenweep Castle. In 2014, Hovenweep National Monument was designated an International Dark Sky Park.National Park Service Norwood&#x2019;s first picture of the deep-space Andromeda Galaxy. Norwood was designated as an International Dark Sky Community in 2019. Only 22 towns worldwide have the status.Courtesy of David Elmore jmimiaga@the-journal.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/drought-breaking-rains-more-rare-erratic-in-west-study-says/</link>
        <title>Drought-breaking rains more rare, erratic in West, study says</title>
        <description>Study based on decades of rainfall data</description>
        <pubDate>Sat, 10 Apr 2021 13:48:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Study based on decades of rainfall data BILLINGS, Mont. – Rainstorms grew more erratic and droughts much longer across most of the U.S. West over the past half-century as climate change warmed the planet, according to a sweeping government study released this week that concludes the situation is worsening. The most dramatic changes were recorded in the desert Southwest, where the average dry period between rainstorms grew from about 30 days in the 1970s to 45 days between storms now, said Joel Biederman, a research hydrologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Southwest Watershed Research Center in Tucson, Arizona. The consequences of the intense dry periods that pummeled areas of the West in recent years were severe – more intense and dangerous wildfires, parched croplands and not enough vegetation to support livestock and wildlife. And the problem appears to be accelerating, with rainstorms becoming increasingly unpredictable, and more areas showing longer intervals between storms since the turn of the century compared with previous decades, the study concludes. The study comes with almost two-thirds of the contiguous U.S. beset by abnormally dry conditions. Warm temperatures forecast for the next several months could make it the worst spring drought in almost a decade, affecting about 74 million people across the U.S., the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said. Water use cutbacks, damaged wheat crops, more fires and lower reservoirs in California and the Southwest are possible, National Weather Service and agriculture officials have warned. Climate scientists are calling what’s happening in the West a continuation of a “megadrought” that started in 1999. While previous research documented a decline in total rainfall for much of the West, the work by Biederman and colleagues put more focus on when that rain occurs. That has significant implications for how much water is available for agriculture and plants, such as grasses that have shallow roots and need a steadier supply of moisture than large trees. “Once the growing season starts, the total amount of rainfall is important. But if it comes in just a few large storms, with really long dry periods in between, that can have really detrimental consequences,” study co-author Biederman said in an interview. The total amount of rain in a year doesn’t matter to plants – especially if rains come mostly in heavy bursts with large runoff – but consistent moisture is what keeps them alive, said UCLA meteorologist Daniel Swain, who writes a weather blog about the West and was not part of the study. The new findings were published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Researchers led by University of Arizona climate scientist Fangyue Zhang compiled daily readings going back to 1976 from 337 weather stations across the western U.S. and analyzed rainfall and drought data to identify the changing patterns. Other parts of the region that saw longer and more variable droughts included the southwest Rocky Mountains, the Colorado Plateau and the Central Plains. The rainfall study is in line with data that shows climate change already is affecting the planet. “Climate models project that the American Southwest is very likely to experience more frequent and more severe droughts,” said William Anderegg, a University of Utah biologist and climate scientist. “This study and other recent work demonstrates that this dry-down has already begun.” The weather station data that was used in the study represents “the gold standard’ for an accurate understanding of changes being driven by climate change, said Christopher Field, an earth systems scientist and director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Park Williams – who studies changes in water, wildfires and climate at UCLA – cautioned more work was needed to see if the rainfall trends since the 1970s reflect a longer-term natural cycle or are tied to human-caused warming. Regardless, the combination of longer dry spells and warmer temperatures almost certainly adds to increased wildfire size, he said. Northwestern states were largely spared from the accelerating cycles of drought. The researchers observed higher annual rainfall totals and shorter drought intervals in Washington, Oregon, Idaho and portions of Montana, Wyoming and the Dakotas. That’s consistent with predicted alterations in weather patterns driven by climate change in which the jet stream that brings moisture from the Pacific Ocean shifts northward, they said.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/san-juan-basin-archaeological-society-to-host-talk-about-aztec-ruins/</link>
        <title>San Juan Basin Archaeological Society to host talk about Aztec Ruins</title>
        <description>Blackburn’s current project is Aztec Ruins Inscription Documentation, a two- to three-year-long research program to fill a gap between 1880 and 1915 to reconnect local families to their history in Aztec Ruins National Monument. A large portion of this project...</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 09 Apr 2021 10:48:07 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[San Juan Basin Archaeological Society will host a talk called “Methodology and Documentation of Historic Names at Aztec Ruins” by Fred Blackburn at 7 p.m. Wednesday on Zoom. Blackburn’s current project is Aztec Ruins Inscription Documentation, a two- to three-year-long research program to fill a gap between 1880 and 1915 to reconnect local families to their history in Aztec Ruins National Monument. A large portion of this project is interviewing people who have a community connection to Aztec Ruins. Blackburn was one of the first two rangers in the Grand Gulch Ranger program in 1974 and assisted in the establishment of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. He also helped establish the White Mesa Institute. Blackburn, a fourth generation Coloradan, was born in Telluride and graduated from Fort Lewis College in 1971, with a bachelor’s degree in biology. A brief business meeting will be held before the talk. For login information, visit www.sjbas.org and click on the Zoom meeting link.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/vaccine-skepticism-runs-deep-among-white-evangelicals/</link>
        <title>Vaccine skepticism runs deep among white evangelicals</title>
        <description>Some of the critics wondered if worshippers would now need “vaccine passports” to enter The Summit Church in Durham, North Carolina, where Greear is pastor. Others depicted the vaccines as satanic or unsafe, or suggested Greear was complicit in government...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 05 Apr 2021 16:11:48 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The president of the Southern Baptist Convention, America’s largest evangelical denomination, posted a photo on Facebook last week of him getting the COVID-19 vaccine. It drew more than 1,100 comments – many of them voicing admiration for the Rev. J.D. Greear, and many others assailing him. Some of the critics wondered if worshippers would now need “vaccine passports” to enter The Summit Church in Durham, North Carolina, where Greear is pastor. Others depicted the vaccines as satanic or unsafe, or suggested Greear was complicit in government propaganda. The divided reaction highlighted a phenomenon that has become increasingly apparent in recent polls and surveys: Vaccine skepticism is more widespread among white evangelicals than almost any other major bloc of Americans. In a March poll by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, 40% of white evangelical Protestants said they likely won’t get vaccinated, compared with 25% of all Americans, 28% of white mainline Protestants and 27% of nonwhite Protestants. The findings have aroused concern even within evangelical circles. The National Association of Evangelicals, which represents more than 45,000 local churches, is part of a new coalition that will host events, work with media outlets and distribute various public messages to build trust among wary evangelicals. “The pathway to ending the pandemic runs through the evangelical church,” said Curtis Chang, a former pastor and missionary who founded ChristiansAndTheVaccine.com, the cornerstone of the new initiative. With white evangelicals making up an estimated 20% of the U.S. population, resistance to vaccination by half of them would seriously hamper efforts to achieve herd immunity, Chang says. Many evangelical leaders have spoken in support of vaccinations, ranging from Dallas megachurch pastor Robert Jeffress to the Rev. Russell Moore, head of the Southern Baptists’ public policy arm. Jeffress believes a majority of his congregation at First Baptist Dallas welcomes the vaccines, while some have doubts about their safety or worry they have links to abortion. Jeffress is among numerous religious leaders who say the leading vaccines are acceptable given their remote, indirect links to lines of cells developed from aborted fetuses. Moore expressed hope that SBC pastors would provide “wise counsel” to their congregations if members raise questions about vaccinations. “These vaccines are cause for evangelicals to celebrate and give thanks to God,” he said via email. “I am confident that pastors and lay members alike want churches full again and vaccines will help all of us get there sooner rather than later.” Other evangelical pastors have been hesitant to take a public stance. Aaron Harris, pastor of Calvary Baptist Church in Junction City, Kansas, hasn’t discussed the vaccine from the pulpit or decided whether he’ll be vaccinated. “We don’t believe that this is a scriptural issue; it is a personal issue,” said Harris, who estimates that 50% of the congregation’s older adults have been vaccinated, while fewer younger members plan to do so. “We shouldn’t live in fear of the virus because we do have a faith in eternity. However, just because we aren’t in fear of it, where is the line of what we ought to do?” he asked. “I’m not going to lay down in front of a bunch of alligators to show my faith in that way.” Some Christians say they prefer to leave their fate in God’s hands, rather than be vaccinated. “We are going to go through times of trials and all kinds of awful things, but we still know where we are going at the end,” said Ron Holloway, 75, of Forsyth, Missouri. “And heaven is so much better than here on earth. Why would we fight leaving here?” John Elkins, pastor at Sovereign Grace Fellowship in Brazoria, Texas, about 50 miles south of Houston, said only one person in his SBC congregation of about 50 has been vaccinated. “We’re in a very libertarian area. There’s a lot of hesitancy to anything that feels like it’s coming from the federal government,” said Elkins, who is also forgoing the vaccine, at least for now, along with his wife. Elkins, whose father was a professor of gynecology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, said his congregants’ doubts are not theologically based. “It’s skepticism about effectiveness,” he said. “People are concerned it was rushed out too quickly.” Phillip Bethancourt, another Southern Baptist pastor in Texas, has encouraged his congregation at Central Church in College Station to get the vaccine and believes most will. The church hosted a vaccine drive for staff members and volunteers at other churches; 217 people got their first doses March 22. “Even people who might be skeptical from a medical standpoint can understand it from a missional standpoint,” he said. “If it helps more people be able to serve at their church again, so more children can learn about Jesus, that’s a good thing.” Bethancourt, a former vice president of the SBC’s Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission, has spoken with congregants who spurn the vaccine and say they’re unafraid of dying if that’s God’s will. “The sentiment doesn’t trouble me on the face of it, but there’s inconsistency,” he said. “We don’t adopt that mentality in other aspects of our life, like not wearing a seat belt.” Chang said that as a former pastor, he understands why some whose congregations are mistrustful of the government and the vaccines muzzle themselves rather than risk backlash if they urge their flock to get vaccinated. “There’s going to be some courage required,” he said. His initiative includes a toolkit for pastors offering suggestions for how to address – within a Christian framework – the various concerns of skeptical evangelicals. They range from the extent of the vaccines’ link to abortion to whether they represent “the mark of the beast,” an ominous harbinger of the end times prophesized in the New Testament’s Book of Revelation. Partnering in the initiative is the Ad Council, known for iconic public service ad campaigns such as Smokey Bear and “Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive Drunk.” “We know the important role faith plays in the lives of millions of people throughout the country,” Ad Council President Lisa Sherman said, expressing hope that the campaign could boost their confidence in the vaccines. As the vaccines first became available, there was widespread concern that many Black Americans would be hesitant to take them because of historic, racism-related mistrust of government health initiatives. But recent surveys show Black Protestants are more open to vaccinations than white evangelicals. “This pandemic has hit our community like a plague – and that’s made our job easier,” said Bishop Timothy Clarke with First Church of God, a Black evangelical church in Columbus, Ohio. “We’ve done a tremendous job of educating.” Associated Press writer Heather Hollingsworth in Kansas City, Missouri, contributed to this report. Associated Press religion coverage receives support from the Lilly Endowment through The Conversation U.S. The AP is solely responsible for this content.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/montezuma-orchard-restoration-project-to-host-grafting-workshop/</link>
        <title>Montezuma Orchard Restoration Project to host grafting workshop</title>
        <description>Jude Schuenemeyer will demonstrate whip and tongue grafting techniques and answer questions. Preregistration is required. Register online at bit.ly/3lrzTkS. Participants are encouraged to have grafting supplies on hand to follow along. A basic kit is available at www.amleo.com/grafting-kit/p/GKWO-CHG. Rootstock is...</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 05 Apr 2021 11:03:07 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Montezuma Orchard Restoration Project will host a free virtual grafting workshop from 10 a.m. to noon Saturday. Jude Schuenemeyer will demonstrate whip and tongue grafting techniques and answer questions. Preregistration is required. Register online at bit.ly/3lrzTkS. Participants are encouraged to have grafting supplies on hand to follow along. A basic kit is available at www.amleo.com/grafting-kit/p/GKWO-CHG. Rootstock is available for purchase from MORP for local pickup at www.montezumaorchard.org/product/rootstock-2 or from Copen Haven Farms at www.copenhavenfarms.com/apple-descriptions. Jude Schuenemeyer will demonstrate whip and tongue grafting techniques and answer questions. Preregistration is required. Register online at bit.ly/3lrzTkS. Participants are encouraged to have grafting supplies on hand to follow along. A basic kit is available at www.amleo.com/grafting-kit/p/GKWO-CHG. Rootstock is available for purchase from MORP for local pickup at www.montezumaorchard.org/product/rootstock-2 or from Copen Haven Farms […]]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/impact-of-logging-near-dolores-raises-concerns-about-recreation-access/</link>
        <title>Impact of logging near Dolores raises concerns about recreation access</title>
        <description>10 years of timber work to overlap popular trail and camping area in Boggy Draw area</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 04 Apr 2021 20:33:07 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[10 years of timber work to overlap popular trail and camping area in Boggy Draw area San Juan National Forest officials are addressing concerns about a logging project’s impact to recreation in the Boggy Draw area north of Dolores. The 22,346-acre Salter Vegetation Management Project stretches from the Salter Y area on the west side to the Boggy Draw area on the east side. Timber harvesting of ponderosa pine is expected in stages for 10 years. A portion of the project overlaps the popular network of trails and dispersed camping in the Boggy Draw area. That area is getting special attention to minimize recreation impacts. According to the project’s environmental assessment, temporary trail closures and rerouting of trails would be required during the project to accommodate logging operations. In comments about the plan, recreationists and the town of Dolores expressed concerns about impacts to recreation, which is depended on by regional residents and supports the local economy. San Juan National Forest recreation planner Tom Rice and Dolores District Ranger Derek Padilla said the agency is analyzing the effects on recreation at Boggy Draw and are planning for a suite of mitigation measures. “We have heard the comments on recreation concerns,” said Padilla during a community meeting held in March on Zoom. “Our staff has taken a hard look at the trail system up there and made adjustments to make sure there is the least amount of impact to the trails both physically and aesthetically.” Rice said logging zones were dropped or adjusted away from the more interesting trail features with unique views or geologic features. For trails within or near logging areas, there will be an effort to leave trees along an 18-foot corridor of the trail to maintain scenic qualities. Forest planners emphasized that the Boggy Draw motorized and nonmotorized trail system will overall remain open during the life of the project. Logging will be selective thinning, not clear-cutting, and it will not happen all at once. The Boggy Draw portion of the project will be divided into six logging recreation compartments that will be harvested one at a time to keep the remaining trails open as much as possible, Rice said. “In areas where there is timber harvest activity, there will be closed trails in many cases, but in an effort to reduce closures, trails will be temporarily rerouted or detoured where possible until the logging compartment is completed,” Rice said. A separate analysis is being conducted on temporary reroutes and detours of trails for each logging block. Also as part of the plan, timber machinery would be required to avoid trails to prevent damage. The Boggy Draw area is also popular for dispersed camping. Some timber harvest treatment units were eliminated along the main Boggy Draw road to protect the many dispersed camping sites there, Rice said. Dispersed camping areas on the arterial roads farther from the main road will see timber harvest activity to improve forest health and reduce wildfire risk. Notice of temporary trail closures or reroutes will be posted at the trails, on websites, with local bike clubs and shops, and on social media. Dolores town board member Sheila Wheeler asked the town be notified in advance as much as possible about expected trail closures so they can help get the word out to businesses, residents and tourists. Planners will know a year in advance when a timber sale is awarded, and they will have months of prep time to plan and mitigate impacts to trails in that section and inform the public. Individual logging sales are still being planned, so which specific trails would be affected is not yet available. Jimbo Buickerood, land protection manager for the San Juan Citizens Alliance, said there has been a lot of concern from recreationists about how long trails at Boggy Draw could be closed. He asked forest officials for a strong “commitment to reroute trails” that face temporary closure because of logging operations. “There was a lot of community interest in these trails, and they are a huge economic driver for Dolores,” Buickerood said. Making sure the public understands that the project does not impact all trails is also crucial, he said. Expect more truck traffic Logging traffic will increase in the project area, including in Boggy Draw and in Dolores. According to the plan, hauling will be allowed throughout the year, except for 10 holidays and special events, including during the Escalante Days festival and Boggy Beat Down bike race. Log hauling could also be restricted when certain conditions exist, Padilla said. For example, during the spring thaw, if logging roads do not dry or freeze overnight, hauling would be delayed because road conditions would be too soft for truck travel. Padilla said based on the harvest season and timber industry practices, logging traffic is not expected year-round. Dolores will see more log truck traffic coming down the Dolores-Norwood Road, County Road 31, 11th Street and Colorado Highway 145. Based on similar projects in the forest, officials expect an average of nine loaded logging trucks going through the town of Dolores per day during the harvest season. The estimated traffic is an average; on some days, there will be no trucks, on others, there could be more than nine per day. Minus the restricted hauling for holidays, Dolores could face significant increased truck traffic day and night, Buickerood said. He suggested more “sideboards” be implemented to control truck traffic. Wildlife impacts and mitigation There will be temporary displacement of wildlife when logging is occurring, said Ivan Messinger, wildlife biologist for the San Juan National Forest. Timing restrictions are in place to protect critical big-game habitat, he said. Areas designated as critical elk winter range and for elk calving will not have logging operations between Dec. 1 and April 30. Wildlife impacts are addressed in the environmental assessment. Logging details Logging in the Salter Vegetation Management Project “will not all take place at the same time,” said David Casey, forester with the San Juan National Forest. Typically, areas are worked one at a time to limit disruption in the forest. Specific harvesting blocks range from less than 500 acres to 2,000 acres, which are broken down into 200-acre units. Logging the subunits usually takes between six to eight weeks, then the area is restored and public access restored. A project goal is to improve stand diversity for age and size; improve forest resiliency to bugs, drought and disease; and reduce wildfire risk, Casey said. Old-growth trees have been identified and will not be cut down. The largest size tree allowed to be harvested under the project is 26.9 inches in diameter. The amount of thinning in a block is predetermined based on forest studies for that section. The Boggy Draw area is mostly second-growth ponderosa pine, said Travis Bruch, timber fuels program manager. It was all logged in the 1920s and ’30s. The majority of the trees are between 10 inches and 20 inches in diameter. jmimiaga@the-journal.com]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/grizzlies-expand-range-but-still-need-protections/</link>
        <title>Grizzlies expand range, but still need protections</title>
        <description>Bears would not thrive in the San Juans, report says</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 02 Apr 2021 19:33:59 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bears would not thrive in the San Juans, report saysA grizzly bear is seen in Grand Teton National Park, Wyo. Grizzly bears are slowly expanding in the northern Rocky Mountains, but scientists say they need continued protections and have concluded no other areas of the country would be suitable for the animals.Joe Lieb/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via AP BILLINGS, Mont. – Grizzly bears are slowly expanding the turf where they roam in parts of the northern Rocky Mountains but need continued protections, according to government scientists who concluded that no other areas of the country would be suitable for reintroducing the fearsome predators. The Fish and Wildlife Service on Wednesday released its first assessment in almost a decade about the status of grizzly bears in the contiguous U.S. The bruins are shielded from hunting as a threatened species except in Alaska. Grizzly populations grew over the past 10 years in two areas – the Yellowstone region of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, with more than 700 bears; and around Glacier National Park in Montana, which is home to more than 1,000 of the animals. Grizzly numbers remain low in other parts of the Northern Rockies, and scientists said their focus is on bolstering those populations rather than reintroducing them elsewhere in the country. The bears now occupy about 6% of their historical range in the contiguous U.S., up from 2% in 1975. Conservationists and some university scientists have pushed to return bears to areas including Colorado’s San Juan Mountains and California’s Sierra Nevada. The 368-page assessment makes no recommendation on the topic, but scientists looked at the possibility of bears in more areas as part of an examination of their remaining habitat. That analysis showed grizzlies would be unable to sustain themselves in the San Juans, the Sierra Nevada or two other areas – Utah’s Uinta Mountains and New Mexico’s Mongollon Mountains. “They were looking for areas that could sustain grizzly bears as opposed to areas that would continuously need for humans to drop bears in there,” said Hilary Cooley, the Fish and Wildlife Service’s grizzly bear recovery coordinator. In each case, officials said, bears would face the same challenge – not enough remote, protected public lands, high densities of humans and little chance of connecting with other bears to maintain healthy populations. An estimated 50,000 grizzlies once inhabited western North America from the Pacific Ocean to the Great Plains. Hunting, commercial trapping and habitat loss wiped out most by the early 1900s. The bears were last seen in California in the 1920s and the last known grizzly in Colorado was killed by an elk hunter in 1979.A grizzly bear roams just north of the National Elk Refuge in Grand Teton National Park, Wyo. The Fish and Wildlife Service on Wednesday released its first assessment in nearly a decade on the status of grizzly bears in the contiguous U.S.Joe Lieb/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via AP The Center for Biological Diversity sued the Fish and Wildlife Service in 2019 in a bid to force officials to consider restoring grizzlies to parts of seven more western states. A U.S. District judge ruled last year that the government was not compelled to draft recovery plans for the bears in new areas. Protections for bears in the Yellowstone region were lifted under former President Donald Trump but later restored under a court order just as Idaho and Wyoming prepared to hold public hunts for grizzlies for the first time in decades. Five Republican U.S. senators from the region this week introduced legislation to strip protection from Yellowstone-area bears and put them under state jurisdiction. Wyoming Sen. John Barrasso said in a statement that President Joe Biden’s administration had missed an opportunity Wednesday to declare restoration efforts in the region a success and lift protections. Biologists say Yellowstone grizzlies are “biologically recovered.” But an appeals court last year said the government had not done enough to make sure hunting and other pressures don’t reduce the population size in the future to where the bears’ genetic health could be harmed. Center for Biological Diversity attorney Andrea Zaccardi said state officials, hunting groups and the agriculture industry had too much influence on decisions about bears made under Trump. She urged officials under Biden to take a “less politically motivated look at grizzly bear recovery.” Wyoming ranchers who want grizzlies under state control sided with the government in the legal dispute about where bears should be restored. They would oppose any attempt by the new administration to reverse course, said Will Trachman with Mountain States Legal Foundation, which represents the ranchers. “We hope they won’t roll over on their own victory,” he said. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, who oversees Fish and Wildlife Service, co-sponsored legislation while in Congress to increase protections for bears and reintroduce them on tribal lands. Haaland declined to say how she would approach the issue when questioned during her February confirmation hearings. “I imagine at the time I was caring about the bears,” she said.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/spiritual-experiences-group-of-durango-to-host-discussions/</link>
        <title>Spiritual Experiences Group of Durango to host discussions</title>
        <description>7 p.m. Wednesday: “Soul Travel.” 10:30 a.m. April 11: “Creative Power of Soul.” 3 p.m. April 12: “What is True Happiness.”7 p.m. April 14: “The Power of Gratitude.”7 p.m. April 17: “Who Can I Trust When All Else Fails.”7 p.m....</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 02 Apr 2021 16:18:09 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Spiritual Experiences Group of Durango will host these virtual discussions in April: 7 p.m. Wednesday: “Soul Travel.” 10:30 a.m. April 11: “Creative Power of Soul.” 3 p.m. April 12: “What is True Happiness.”7 p.m. April 14: “The Power of Gratitude.”7 p.m. April 17: “Who Can I Trust When All Else Fails.”7 p.m. April 19: “What is True Happiness.”7 p.m. April 23: “Past Lives and Reincarnation.”All discussions are free and open to the public. To join each discussion, visit www. Meetup.com, find Spiritual Experiences Group of Durango, Colorado and click on the Zoom link provided on the day of each discussion. 7 p.m. Wednesday: “Soul Travel.” 10:30 a.m. April 11: “Creative Power of Soul.” 3 p.m. April 12: “What is True Happiness.”7 p.m. April 14: “The Power of Gratitude.”7 p.m. April 17: “Who Can I Trust When All Else Fails.”7 p.m. April 19: “What is True Happiness.”7 p.m. April 23: “Past Lives and Reincarnation.”All discussions are […]]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/oklahoma-town-eases-pandemic-one-restaurant-meal-at-a-time/</link>
        <title>Oklahoma town eases pandemic, one restaurant meal at a time</title>
        <description>Cafes in and around the close-knit town in the state’s northeastern corner have put up “receipt walls,” allowing diners to pre-pay for meals and the needy to grab what they like, have a seat and refuel – judgment-free, no questions...</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2021 14:15:31 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[NEW YORK – In Miami, Oklahoma, restaurants and their customers are doing their part to ease pandemic heartache, one meal at a time. Cafes in and around the close-knit town in the state’s northeastern corner have put up “receipt walls,” allowing diners to pre-pay for meals and the needy to grab what they like, have a seat and refuel – judgment-free, no questions asked. The idea of providing free, pre-paid meals spread from restaurant to restaurant a few months ago. Many recipients are homeless or have otherwise hit hard times since the pandemic rolled into Miami (pronounced my-AM-uh), population about 13,000. Two February blizzards brought even more trouble. Jennifer White, a Miami native who owns the gourmet hot dog spot The Dawg House, transitioned from food truck to brick and mortar last September, a bold move in the middle of a pandemic. She was the first to put up a giving wall. Within eight hours, she had a wall full of meal receipts. So far, customers at The Dawg House have provided more than 600 meals. “And we have only eight tables in our restaurant, so that says a lot about how amazing our community is,” White said. Some who have peeled off a taped-up receipt have paid it forward, returning to add receipts of their own. She’s had regulars purchase 10 to 50 giveaway meals at a time. Lasay Castellano, a nursing student who recently left her job as manager of Zack’s Cafe, said the diner serves about 600 people a day. She’s been taping up receipts for nearly two months. “We have a lot of homeless people here. A lot. Within a day we had almost $600 in meals on the wall,” she said. “We’re having a hard time keeping tickets on the wall.” Among White’s donors is 32-year-old Derrick Hayworth, who owns a food delivery company that services The Dawg House and other restaurants and retailers. “It’s the whole community behind it,” he said. “It wasn’t forced. It was just meant to happen.” When the blizzards hit, everybody pitched in to help those without places to stay. Mayor Bless Parker helped ease homeless into hotels and supply them food from the restaurant walls, some delivered by Hawthorne. Life in Miami, in an area where lead and zinc mines ruled more than 100 years ago, inches closer to something that looks like the old normal every day. The area’s plentiful casinos have reopened, and restaurants like The Dawg House have welcomed back in-person dining, with fewer tables to provide for social distancing. White said a couple and their four young daughters stand out among the beneficiaries of the free meals. “They were just so sweet, and their parents were beyond grateful and thankful,” she said. “They seemed like they had a lot going on and got to sit for an hour and a half or so to just have a meal, have fun and laugh, and not worry about how much they were having to spend.” Associated Press religion coverage receives support from the Lilly Endowment through The Conversation U.S. The AP is solely responsible for this content.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/talk-to-explore-possible-grand-canyon-river-runs-by-native-americans/</link>
        <title>Talk to explore possible Grand Canyon river runs by Native Americans</title>
        <description>The talk will cover how John Wesley Powell and his crew made the first documented descent of the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon and whether it was actually the first. Both the Navajo and Hopi have legends of people...</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 01 Apr 2021 05:20:46 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Colorado Native Plant Society, Southwest Chapter will host a talk, “Before Powell? A Descent of the Colorado River Through the Grand Canyon on a Tule Reed Raft,” by Peter M. Brown and Tom Martin at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday via Zoom. The talk will cover how John Wesley Powell and his crew made the first documented descent of the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon and whether it was actually the first. Both the Navajo and Hopi have legends of people traveling through the canyon before Powell. To register for the talk, visit bit.ly/3qX4zM6. After registering, a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting will be sent. The passcode will be required for entry. The talk will cover how John Wesley Powell and his crew made the first documented descent of the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon and whether it was actually the first. Both the Navajo and Hopi have legends of people traveling through the canyon before Powell. To register for the talk, visit bit.ly/3qX4zM6. After registering, […]]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/geologic-discoveries-on-mars-cataloged-in-navajo-language/</link>
        <title>Geologic discoveries on Mars cataloged in Navajo language</title>
        <description>The Perseverance rover recorded this image on Mars on March 4. A number of the rover’s discoveries, through a collaboration with NASA, have been catalogued in Diné Bizaad, the Navajo language.NASA/JPL-Caltech via AP The Perseverance rover has been on Mars...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 31 Mar 2021 21:01:31 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=75281A19-E74E-4E60-8220-6D39A5EE4CEB&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[The Perseverance rover recorded this image on Mars on March 4. A number of the rover’s discoveries, through a collaboration with NASA, have been catalogued in Diné Bizaad, the Navajo language.NASA/JPL-Caltech via AP (AP) – Native people have had ties to land in North America since time immemorial, and now that connection is expanding to the cosmos. The Perseverance rover has been on Mars for more than a month, collecting data and making discoveries with each passing day. A number of the findings, through a collaboration with NASA, have been catalogued in Diné Bizaad, the Navajo language. The Perseverance team started with a list of 50 words and will expand the list as needed. According to a tweet from the rover itself, some terms have already been used, such as tsé łichíí (red rock), yéigo (diligence) and séítah (among the sand). Before landing in the Jezero Crater on Máaz, Navajo for Mars, the Perseverance team divided the crater into a grid of “quadrangles” that were 1 square mile in size and named the “quads” after national parks on Earth with similar geology. The rover touched down in an area named after Arizona’s Canyon de Chelly National Monument, which is in the Navajo Nation.Navajo Nation Vice President Jonathan Nez, pictured, along with Vice President Myron Lizer and other advisers, came up with Navajo words for objects discovered on Mars by NASA&#x2019;s rover Perseverance.Associated Press file A press release from NASA said suggestions included tséwózí bee hazhmeezh (rolling rows of pebbles, like waves). Aaron Yazzie added suggestions such as bidziil (strength) and hoł nilį́ (respect) to the list. “Perseverance” itself was translated to Ha’ahóni. Yazzie is a mechanical engineer on the Perseverance team and works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. He hopes that seeing their language associated with the mission will make Native American youths proud and encourage them to achieve their goals. “This fateful landing on Mars has created a special opportunity to inspire Navajo youth, not just through amazing scientific and engineering feats, but also through the inclusion of our language in such a meaningful way,” Yazzie said in a news release. Nez echoed those sentiments and sees students becoming more interested in STEM fields in the future. “We are very proud of one of our very own, Aaron Yazzie, who is playing a vital role in NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance mission,” Nez said. “We are excited for the NASA team and for Aaron, and we see him as being a great role model who will inspire more interest in the STEM fields of study and hopefully inspire more of our young people to pursue STEM careers to make even greater impacts and contributions just as Aaron is doing. As the mission continues, we offer our prayers for continued success.” The rover has essentially needed to be taught Navajo to understand the labels given to items it collects. However, the English alphabet needs to be interspersed to convey certain information because of the use of accent marks in Navajo words. Other scientists at NASA have welcomed the chance to learn the Native language, said Perseverance Deputy Project Scientist Katie Stack Morgan of JPL. “This partnership is encouraging the rover’s science team to be more thoughtful about the names being considered for features on Mars – what they mean both geologically and to people on Earth,” Stack Morgan said.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/as-endangered-birds-lose-their-songs-they-cant-find-mates/</link>
        <title>As endangered birds lose their songs, they can’t find mates</title>
        <description>This 2015 photo provided by Lachlan Hall shows male regent honeyeater birds in Capertee Valley in New South Wales, Australia. The distinctive black and yellow birds were once common across Australia, but habitat loss since the 1950s has shrunk their...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 31 Mar 2021 19:52:53 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=D1EF0F68-4D22-496A-8B55-0BF07C8FC3A2&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[This 2015 photo provided by Lachlan Hall shows male regent honeyeater birds in Capertee Valley in New South Wales, Australia. The distinctive black and yellow birds were once common across Australia, but habitat loss since the 1950s has shrunk their population to only about 300 wild birds today.Lachlan Hall via AP WASHINGTON – Male songbirds usually learn their tunes from adult mentors. But when aspiring crooners lack proper role models, they hit all the wrong notes – and have less success attracting mates. For five years, ecologist Ross Crates has tracked the singing ability and breeding success of critically endangered regent honeyeaters. These distinctive black and yellow birds were once common across Australia, but habitat loss since the 1950s has shrunk their population to only about 300 or 400 wild birds today. While male birds once formed large winter flocks, now they are sparsely distributed across the landscape, so many fly solo. That means fewer honeyeater mentors are nearby during young birds’ impressionable first year. “Song learning in many birds is a process similar to humans learning languages – they learn by listening to other individuals,” said Crates, who is based at Australian National University. “If you can’t listen to other individuals, you don’t know what you should be learning.” The researchers found that a significant portion of male birds appear to be learning tunes exclusively from other species they encounter. About 12% of male regent honeyeaters wind up producing mangled versions of songs typically sung by noisy friarbirds and black-faced cuckooshrikes, among other species. In some species, such as mockingbirds, song mimicry adds flourish to love songs. But the female regent honeyeaters aren’t impressed. Unconventional male singers were less successful in wooing mates, the scientists found in research published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. “We think the females are avoiding breeding and nesting with males that sing unusual songs,” Crates said. For a population already on the brink of extinction, that’s worrisome. “This research suggests that the loss of a song language once the population reaches a very small size could accelerate their decline,” said Peter Marra, a conservation biologist at Georgetown University who was not involved in the paper. The precise reason females remained aloof was not clear. “When male birds sing, it’s like putting out an ad saying, ‘I’m over here, I’m species X, I’m Bob, and I’m really interested in finding a partner,’” said Scott Ramsay, a behavioral ecologist at Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, who was not involved in the research. It could be that female honeyeaters aren’t even recognizing these unconventional singers as potential partners, and so they’re not approaching them, he said. Or it could be that they approach, “but then things go wrong if the males get courtship signals wrong.” Most male birds spend several months in their first year learning and refining the songs they’ll recite for the rest of their lives. Some birds learn from their fathers, but regent honeyeaters leave the nest before they learn to sing, so the males need to find other mentors. “We need to be aware of the importance of preserving song culture in birds – it’s possible to have a population that’s still genetically viable, but isn’t viable in terms of passing on cultural knowledge,” said Carl Safina, an ecologist at Stony Brook University who was not involved in the research. “Some elements of what these birds need to do to survive isn’t instinctive, it has to be learned,” he said. Crates’ team has begun putting their findings into action. To help young birds in captive breeding programs learn their notes, they’ve started playing male song recordings and also housed capable male singers next to young learners. The hope is that these veteran vocalists can pass on their songs to the next generation. Follow Christina Larson on twitter: @larsonchristina The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/pinon-hills-church-in-farmington-to-host-in-person-easter-service/</link>
        <title>Pinon Hills church in Farmington to host in-person Easter service</title>
        <description>Pastor Matt Mizell will offer an Easter worship and a message. Pinon Hills Kids will host an Easter egg hunt and more. For more information, visit www.pinonhillschurch.com.</description>
        <pubDate>Mon, 29 Mar 2021 17:56:17 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Pinon Hills Community Church invites families to attend in-person Easter services celebrating the risen savior at 8:30, 10 or 11:30 a.m. Sunday. Pastor Matt Mizell will offer an Easter worship and a message. Pinon Hills Kids will host an Easter egg hunt and more. For more information, visit www.pinonhillschurch.com. Pastor Matt Mizell will offer an Easter worship and a message. Pinon Hills Kids will host an Easter egg hunt and more. For more information, visit www.pinonhillschurch.com.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/forecast-for-spring-nasty-drought-worsens-for-much-of-u-s/</link>
        <title>Forecast for spring: Nasty drought worsens for much of U.S.</title>
        <description>An empty irrigation canal at a tree farm Feb. 17 in Corrales, N.M., with the Sandia Mountains in the background, as much of the West is mired in drought, with New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah being among the hardest...</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2021 20:00:08 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=20E9C2D5-02BD-480C-BC5A-C676BA7E5E5A&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[An empty irrigation canal at a tree farm Feb. 17 in Corrales, N.M., with the Sandia Mountains in the background, as much of the West is mired in drought, with New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah being among the hardest hit. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s official spring outlook March 18, 2021, sees an expanding drought with a drier than normal April, May and June for a large swath of the country from Louisiana to Oregon, including some areas hardest hit by the most severe drought.Associated Press file With nearly two-thirds of the United States abnormally dry or worse, the government’s spring forecast offers little hope for relief, especially in the West where a devastating megadrought has taken root and worsened. National Weather Service and agriculture officials warned of possible water use cutbacks in California and the Southwest, increased wildfires, low levels in key reservoirs such as Lake Mead and Lake Powell and damage to wheat crops. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s official spring outlook sees an expanding drought with a drier than normal April, May and June for a large swath of the country from Louisiana to Oregon, including some areas hardest hit by the most severe drought. And nearly all of the continental United States is looking at warmer than normal spring, except for tiny parts of the Pacific Northwest and southeast Alaska, which makes drought worse. “We are predicting prolonged and widespread drought,” National Weather Service Deputy Director Mary Erickson said. “It’s definitely something we’re watching and very concerned about.” NOAA expects the spring drought to hit 74 million people. Several factors go into worsening drought, the agency said. A La Niña cooling of parts of the central Pacific continues to bring dry weather for much of the country, while in the Southwest heavy summer monsoon rains failed to materialize. Meteorologists also say the California megadrought is associated with long-term climate change. The national Drought Monitor on March 18 showed almost 66% of the nation is in an abnormally dry condition, the highest mid-March level since 2002. And forecasters predict that will worsen, expanding in parts of Florida, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming and South Dakota, with small islands of relief in parts of the Great Lakes and New England. More than 44% of the nation is in moderate or worse drought, and nearly 18% is in extreme or exceptional drought – all of it west of the Mississippi River. Climate scientists are calling what’s happening in the West a “megadrought” that started in 1999. “The nearly West-wide drought is already quite severe in its breadth and intensity, and unfortunately it doesn’t appear likely that there will be much relief this spring,” said UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain, who writes the Weather West blog and isn’t part of the NOAA outlook. “Winter precipitation has been much below average across much of California, and summer precipitation reached record low levels in 2020 across the desert Southwest.” With the Sierra Nevada snowpack only 60% of normal levels, U.S. Department of Agriculture meteorologist Brad Rippey said “there will be some water cutbacks and allocation cutbacks in California and perhaps other areas of the Southwest” for agriculture and other uses. It will probably hit nut crops in the Golden State. Winter and spring wheat crops also have been hit hard by the western drought with 78% of the spring wheat production area in drought conditions, Rippey said. The dry, warm conditions the upcoming months likely will bring “an enhanced wildfire season,” said Jon Gottschalck, chief of NOAA’s prediction branch. Swain of UCLA said the wildfires probably will not be as bad as 2020 because so much vegetation already has burned and drought conditions retarded regrowth. Last year, he said, wildfire was so massive it will be hard to exceed, though this fire season likely will be above average. Drought and heat breed a vicious cycle. When it’s this dry, less of the sun’s energy goes to evaporating soil moisture because it’s not as wet, Swain said. That leaves more of the energy to heat up the air, and the heat makes the drought worse by boosting evaporation. “Across the West, it is clear that climate change has increased temperatures essentially year round, which has decreased mountain snowpack and increased evaporation – substantially worsening the severity of the ongoing drought conditions,” he said. In the next week or two, parts of the central United States may get pockets of heavy rain, but the question is whether that will be enough to make up for large rain deficits in the High Plains from the past year, Nebraska state climatologist Martha Shulski said. The drought’s flip side is that for the first time in three years, NOAA is projecting zero major spring flooding, with smaller amounts of minor and moderate flooding. About 82 million people will be at risk for flooding this spring, mostly minor with no property damage. That’s down from 128 million people last year. Flooding tends to be a short-term expensive localized problem while drought and wildfire hit larger areas and are longer lasting, NOAA climatologist Karin Gleason. Since 1980, NOAA has tracked weather disasters that caused at least $1 billion in damage. The 28 droughts have caused nearly $259 billion in damage, while the 33 floods have cost about $151 billion.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://www.durangoherald.com/articles/lifestyle/first-southern-baptist-church-to-host-apologetics-course/</link>
        <title>First Southern Baptist Church to host apologetics course</title>
        <description>The course is designed to equip today’s Christian with the essential elements of sharing their story with others. The class will be taught by Tom Cummins and will meet weekly. All are welcome but space is limited. The church will...</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2021 13:29:40 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[First Southern Baptist Church will host a 10-week study, “Christian Apologetics: Tell Your Story,” at 6:30 p.m. Wednesdays starting March 31 in the Fellowship Hall, 1715 West Second Ave. The course is designed to equip today’s Christian with the essential elements of sharing their story with others. The class will be taught by Tom Cummins and will meet weekly. All are welcome but space is limited. The church will continue to follow COVID-19 protocols until such time as they are no longer required. The course is designed to equip today’s Christian with the essential elements of sharing their story with others. The class will be taught by Tom Cummins and will meet weekly. All are welcome but space is limited. The church will continue to follow COVID-19 protocols until such time as they are no longer required.]]></content:encoded>
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