Sometimes the job of a fire department is to start a blaze rather than put one out. Counterintuitive? Not according to Durango Fire Protection District Wildfire Battalion Chief Scott Nielsen.
On Friday, Nielsen and six DFPD firefighters gathered in a snowy, forested glade next to the Durango West I subdivision to set several hundred slash piles and downed timber on fire. They sparked up their drip torches – metal cans with a nozzle in one end containing a mixture of gasoline and diesel – then went to work, igniting one pile after another, each one gradually springing into a 10-foot-high bonfire.
The mood was relaxed – casual, daresay – because the situation was well under control.
The winter’s first low-elevation snowstorm a few days before meant the piles could be burned safely without fear of a forest fire breaking out, which was good because the nearest house was just a stone’s throw from the first pile. During the morning safety meeting, one of the main concerns was smoke inhalation, which firefighters could remedy by simply moving to a smokeless area for a while.
Nielsen and his fellow firefighters walked among the burning piles, emerging and disappearing from thick columns as smoke. Each new fire was a beacon, signaling forest mitigation work that would make the community a little safer.
In effect, prescribed burns are meant to thin forests and clear flammable material from the forest floor while fire danger is low.
Nielsen said there are two main methods: pile burns and broadcast burns. Pile burns are constituted by forestry workers or firefighters heaping logs, slash and twigs into a large pile that they later light. Broadcast burns are when wildland firefighters or other officials light a fire that they allow to spread over the forest floor and manage from growing too large. Often, the two go hand in hand.
“Pile burns are very controllable,” he said. “What really works well in a place like this is to burn the piles now and then. In a couple years, you could broadcast burn because you reduce so much brush and ladder fuels.”
Prescribed burns are becoming a common tool in wildfire mitigation, especially in the urban-wildland interface, where houses butt up against and into forestland. Friday’s burn was one of several mitigation projects within DFPD’s district, with more being completed on federal land across Southwest Colorado.
Lorena Williams, a National Forest Service spokesperson, said the federal agency has burns planned for ranger districts across the San Juan National Forest. In the Columbine Ranger District specifically, hundreds of piles spread over nearly 120 acres will be burned throughout the winter.
The burns were supposed to begin in November but were delayed when the federal government shut down. But, with federal employees back at work, the burns are proceeding as planned.
“Columbine fire and fuels crews are expecting to implement pile burns as weather allows, but the goal will be to be (completed) by the end of this winter,” she said.
Williams said prescribed burns are meticulously planned to ensure there is no impact to human health and are done without risking a larger forest fire.
“Favorable weather conditions must exist including, but not limited to, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, smoke dispersal, as well as fuel moisture,” she said. “All elements must be within an acceptable range of prescription parameters described within a written burn plan.”
Both DFPD and the Forest Service must adhere to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s air quality standards. Burns are also typically done only after a measurable amount of snowfall and when weather conditions will allow smoke to blow away instead of settling over a residential area.
Terry Hunt, who owns Wildfire Defense LLC, a Durango-based fire mitigation service, has been busy for the past two years. The low-snow winter of 2024-25 meant his four-person crew could work clearing brush away from homes and retrofitting houses with fire-resistant materials all winter, compared to most years when snow prevented them from doing so.
“We’re busy this season,” Hunt said. “It folded into last season, since last winter was basically more like a cold summer.”
Hunt is a certified wildfire mitigation specialist by both the National Fire Protection Association and the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety. He and his crew work alongside homeowners who want to defend their houses from wildfires and providers who insure those houses.
With wildfires becoming more of a threat to communities across the West – the Palisades Fire in Los Angeles in January being a key example – insurance rates have risen. A study from Colorado State University found rates increased by 58% in Colorado between 2018 and 2023 with fire being a main driver.
Hunt himself lives in Forest Lakes north of Bayfield, ground zero for the Blue Ridge Fire in August, and has dealt with insurance providers unwilling to take on the risk of insuring his house. But the mitigation work he has done on his own property convinced a provider to insure him.
“I’m a homeowner and I can understand what a nightmare it would be if you lost your affordable homeowners insurance,” Hunt said. “So yeah, so it’s kind of a priority for me. I mean, I’ll even move projects up in the schedule if it’s an insurance issue.”
Hunt focuses on making sure homeowners can keep their insurance rates affordable by removing wildfire risk from their properties, sometimes with insurance referrals and sometimes just at the request of a homeowner.
Wildfires in the past century have become larger, more destructive and harder to control. The reason is twofold: dryer, hotter summers caused by climate change, and a century of hard-line fire suppression management strategy that allowed fuels to build up to unnatural levels, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association and the National Forest Foundation, respectively.
“The forests in Southwest Colorado are part of a fire-adapted ecosystem, which historically experienced frequent, low-intensity fires on a large scale,” Williams said. “Prescribed fire replicates that natural fire regime and increases the area on our landscape that has been burned at low and moderate conditions.”
The benefits of these low-intensity prescribed burns do more than reduce wildfire risk by clearing out flammable fuels. The National Forest Foundation found that “low to moderate-intensity fires can play a key role in keeping those same ecosystems healthy by reducing understory density and returning nutrients to the soil.”
Nielsen said that with less plant life, there is less competition for nutrients and sunlight, meaning more trees can grow to be healthy. That in turn allows them to grow to be healthier and more resilient to disease and insect infestation. Additionally, wildlife have more room to forage and can more easily see predators in open forests.
“We want a diversity of native species in here,” he said. “We cut a mix of tree age and size and class, so even if a drought comes or bug infestation comes, this place should survive with good seed stock and good genetics.”
This method of forest management, Nielsen said, can make a forest a renewable resource. On Friday’s burn, a pile of large logs were stacked alongside an access road. It would be a waste to burn them, which is why DFPD donates them as firewood to nonprofits that distribute it through the community.
Hunt’s crew also turns whatever trees it cuts down into firewood, which is given to either the property owner or left on the side of the road for someone else to take. But instead of burning slash, the crew donates it to Table to Farm to be composted, he said.
“We’re not burning down the forest, we’re not clear cutting,” Nielsen said. “You can still see all the squirrels and deer and critters out here. Good mitigation should look good.”
sedmondson@durangoherald.com
