Helping Canada’s First Peoples tell their stories

Sunday, Feb 14, 2016 12:36 PM Updated Monday, Feb. 15, 2016 7:53 AM

Linda MacCannell’s exhibit shows connection to the land

Ron Felix cooking muktuk (beluga whale blubber) at the family’s smokehouse in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada.

Courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Courtesy of Linda MacCannell<br><br>Alestine Andre skokes fish at MacKenzie River Fish Camp south of Tsiiqehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada.

A second-grader in Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada, took this photograph of her teacher, Linda MacCannell, who was visiting remote communities along the MacKenzie River as part of a project retracing the MacKenzie River Pipeline Inquiry in the mid-1970s.

Courtesy of Linda MacCannell

A photography student in Jean Marie River, Northwest Territories, Canada, is happy with her results during a class with Linda MacCannell.

Courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Ron Felix cooks muktuk, beluga whale blubber, at his family’s smokehouse in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, an Inuvialiut village, on the shore of the Arctic Ocean. Linda MacCannell, who visited Tuktoyaktuk on a project tracing visits Justice Thomas Berger made during a landmark inquiry in the 1970s, said muktuk is a bit of an acquired taste. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

A tiny drummer joins the festivities in Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada, during a visit by photographer Linda MacCannell and journalist Drew Ann Wakefield. Between 2009 and 2013, the two women revisited small, isolated communities along the MacKenzie River where Justice Thomas Berger collected testimony during a landmark decision that respected indigenous voices. “What set his process apart,” MacCannell said, “was that he felt that he should hear from the people on the ground, living where the pipeline would impact them.” Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Alestine Andre cleans her fishing nets at her MacKenzie River fishing camp south of Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories in Canada. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Two young photography students in Kakisa Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, practice their new craft after taking a class with Linda MacCannell. Between 2009 and 2013, MacCannell and journalist Drew Ann Wakefield revisited small, isolated communities along the MacKenzie River where Justice Thomas Berger collected testimony during a landmark decision that respected indigenous voices.”Many years later, they still think a lot of him, because he was a listener and heard them,” MacCannell said. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

A little boy goes eye-to-eye with a king salmon that will help feed his family during the harsh winter months in Old Crow, Yukon Territory, Canada. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

A second-grader took this photo of visiting teacher Linda MacCannell in Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada. Between 2009 and 2013, MacCannell and journalist Drew Ann Wakefield revisited small, isolated communities along the MacKenzie River where Justice Thomas Berger collected testimony during a landmark decision that respected indigenous voices. While they were there, they both taught classes, and it was some of the most fun MacCannell has ever had teaching, she said. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Alestine Andre smokes fish at her MacKenzie River fishing camp south of Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada. Between 2009 and 2013, photographer Linda MacCannell and journalist Drew Ann Wakefield revisited small, isolated communities along the river where Justice Thomas Berger collected testimony during a landmark decision in 1977 that respected indigenous voices and placed a moratorium on building the MacKenzie River Pipeline. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Ron Felix cooks muktuk, beluga whale blubber, at his family’s smokehouse in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, an Inuvialiut village, on the shore of the Arctic Ocean. Linda MacCannell, who visited Tuktoyaktuk on a project tracing a landmark inquiry in the 1970s, said muktuk is a bit of an acquired taste. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

A photography student in Jean Marie River, Northwest Territories, Canada, is pleased with her results after taking a class with visiting teacher Linda MacCannell. Between 2009 and 2013, MacCannell and journalist Drew Ann Wakefield revisited small, isolated communities along the MacKenzie River where Justice Thomas Berger collected testimony during a landmark decision in 1977 that respected indigenous voices. While the women were there, they both taught classes, and it was some of the most fun MacCannell has ever had teaching, she said. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Young drummer Napam Moses in Wrigley, Northwest Territories, Canada, shows how it’s done during festivities while photographer Linda MacCannell and journalist Drew Ann Wakefield were visiting. Between 2009 and 2013, the two women revisited small, isolated communities along the MacKenzie River where Justice Thomas Berger collected testimony during a landmark decision that respected indigenous voices. Photo courtesy of Linda MacCannell

Sometimes it truly is who you know that opens doors to possibilities.

In photographer Linda MacCannell’s case, it was having a colleague and friend who had participated in a significant episode in Canada’s history. That friendship led to four years of adventures in the country’s remote MacKenzie River Valley.

The results of those adventures are now on display at the Center of Southwest Studies at Fort Lewis College in an exhibit called “Thunder in Our Voices.”

MacKenzie Valley pipeline inquiry

In 1968, oil was discovered at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and the oil industry began to look for the most direct route to transport natural gas via pipeline to Alberta, Canada, and on down to the Lower 48, said Drew Ann Wakefield, MacCannell’s colleague, who was a young freelance reporter covering the inquiry. The route would take the pipeline through vast undeveloped areas where Dene, Inuvialuit, Métis and white settlers lived off the land.

Justice Tom Berger was appointed to oversee the inquiry, and after hearing from industry and government scientists and social scientists, he wanted to hear from the people who actually lived in the areas that would be affected. And since it was difficult, if not impossible, for most of them to come to Yellowknife, where he had held the earlier testimony, Berger went to them, traveling to more than 35 villages, many of them fly-in only, and interviewing more than 900 people.

The end result was a report calling for a moratorium on the pipeline, considered the first time that indigenous people’s voices had prevailed over a major company’s proposal.

The return

In 2009, Wakefield, whose recordings of the testimony are the only ones that had survived the intervening four decades, and MacCannell set off to retrace some of Berger’s travels.

“We wanted to see how the story has ended, were they happy?” MacCannell said. “We took some old newsreel footage and Drew Ann’s audio recordings. I remember being in a little village called Nahanni Butte, where we met at this little log school. We didn’t know if anybody cared, but Drew Ann took out her computer to play recordings, and suddenly people started to come from every direction.”

Many of the younger generation didn’t know much about the Berger inquiry, she said.

“We had maybe 25 images (most taken by Michael Jackson, a young attorney who assisted Berger), and they would look, look and relook,” MacCannell said. “One woman saw a sleeve in a photo and said, ‘That’s my husband.’”

As long as they were there, the two women, both longtime teachers, gave some classes, MacCannell teaching photography, Wakefield how to record, conduct a news conference and be written reporters.

“By the end of the classes, they would be interviewing the elders of the community,” MacCannell said, “videotaping them. It was probably one of the most fun teaching experiences I’ve ever had.”

A lifetime in photography

MacCannell’s connection to Durango goes back decades. Her father, Frank Mapel, bought Durango Coca-Cola in 1960, and Don, her brother, and niece, Meredith, continue to run the company. She lives part-time in Durango and part-time in Calgary.

MacCannell has been serious about photography since she was in her late teens. Early in their marriage, her husband, Keith, built her a small darkroom.

“I had to use the baby’s bathtub to wash prints when it didn’t have running water,” she said. “Luckily, it was right next to the nursery, so I could hear them. Nap time was very productive for me.”

Having majored in science, MacCannell began taking art classes, eventually earning a master’s degree in photography and teaching at the Alberta College of Art and Design and the University of Calgary.

A previous project, Riders of the West: Portraits from Indian Rodeo, was published in 1999 and the subject of an exhibit at Open Shutter Gallery a few years ago. Riders required traveling in the opposite direction, she said, up and down the spine of the Rocky Mountains.

“And Drew Ann and I had worked on other projects before, which helped on the Berger project,” MacCannell said. “We created Leonardo (da Vinci) in a crate as a traveling educational tool.”

abutler@durangoherald.com

This story has been updated with the correct spelling of the MacKenzie River.

Pipeline Inquiry Background (PDF)

The effort to mount the exhibit

Thunder in Our Voices, the story of the MacKenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, has been exhibited in a number of permutations across Canada at more than 30 locations, including universities and museums. The exhibit at the Center of Southwest Studies at Fort Lewis College is its first across the border in the United States, which presented its own challenges, as did making the exhibit pertinent to Southwest Colorado audiences.

“There have been a couple of main ways they have done the exhibit,” said Jeanne Brako, co-curator of the exhibit at the center. “At colleges and universities, students would role play the court case, discuss the politics of the court case or role play the people who spoke at the inquiry. We decided to make our exhibit about what the native people had to say about the land, focus on the land.”

The Center of Southwest Studies exhibit includes stories about living off the land, wildlife and the importance of place, she said.

In its display cases, stories and photos are displayed with objects that tell stories of polar bear hunts, ice huts and other encounters with wildlife. Some are from photographer Linda MacCannell’s collection, others were borrowed from Bill and Sue Hensler. The Henslers, who are the center’s major donors for contemporary Native American Southwestern art, are also interested in Northwestern U.S. and Alaskan art, including images of bears.

Portraits of people who testified in the inquiry line the walls. Designed to roll up and be carried in hockey bags on small airplanes, the portraits have hung from trees in small native villages in addition to more formal exhibits. MacCannell worked with Basin Printing and Imaging to find a way to print large, durable and high-quality versions of her photos.

“Originally, we were going to have more artifacts from Canada,” Brako said. “But Canada has real restrictions on the transport of items containing ivory and other materials. We were afraid artifacts would be caught in customs indefinitely. And it was nice to include some local collectors.”

The Center of Southwest Studies has a broad purview.

“It’s not our only job to talk about the Southwest, but about the bigger issues that also affect us,” Brako said. “Natural gas, Native American rights, those all matter here, too.”

Justice Thomas Berger, who led the inquiry, has also been involved.

“He sent us a dedication,” she said about the 83-year-old who is waiting for a ruling from the Canadian Supreme Court on his most recent case related to aboriginal rights. “And he’s sending us a signed copy of his book (Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland) to add to our collection.”

This story has been updated with the correct spelling of the MacKenzie River.

If you go

Thunder in Our Voices runs through May 27 in the Museum Gallery at the Center of Southwest Studies at Fort Lewis College. Gallery hours are Monday through Friday, 1 to 4 p.m., except Thursdays, when the gallery is open until 7 p.m.