Snowpack in Southwest Colorado is perilously low, averaging only 56 percent in an index of the San Miguel, Dolores, Animas and San Juan River basins on Wednesday.
The basin index measures snowpack at U.S. Department of Agriculture sites around the region.
The snowpack at the summit of Wolf Creek Pass was at only 46 percent of the median figure for the date. Cascade was the worst off at 23 percent of the median. El Diente Peak was at 40 percent, and the Upper San Juan was at 45 percent.
Even the healthiest snowpacks in the region are well below average. Lizard Head pass was at 85 percent Wednesday, Red Mountain Pass was at 78 percent and Mineral Creek was at 75 percent.
The median figure encompasses snowpack data from 1981 to 2010 using snow-water equivalent.
Snowpack in the mountain valleys where the Colorado River originates was only a little below normal on Wednesday, marking one of the few bright spots in an increasingly grim drought gripping much of the West.
Measurement stations in western Colorado showed the snowpack at 90 percent of the long-term average.
By contrast, reporting stations in the Sierra Nevada range in drought-stricken California showed snowpack at 50 percent or less in early February, the most recent figures available. Some detected no snow at all.
Mountain snow in Colorado is closely monitored because a half-dozen Western waterways, including the 1,400-mile Colorado River, start in the area. The river and its tributaries supply water to millions of people in seven states and Mexico.
Much of the river comes from mountain snow that accumulates during winter and melts in the spring.
“It’s looking pretty dismal over much of the West, but there are some areas where we’re OK,” said Mike Strobel, manager of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Snow Survey, which uses about 2,000 reporting stations in the Western U.S. and some in Canada to measure snow.
Mountain snow depth usually peaks in early April across the West. However, it’s unlikely many of the hardest-hit mountains will get enough precipitation by then to recover, Strobel said.
In the Pacific Northwest, warm temperatures have brought rain instead of snow, so the mountains aren’t accumulating snowpack for the spring runoff, when farmers and water managers need water to irrigate crops and refill reservoirs.
Snow accumulation in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, Wyoming and Montana has been relatively good. Snowpack in the Colorado valleys that feed the east-flowing South Platte River were at 102 percent of average.
“Not spectacular, but not miserable, either,” Strobel said.
In Colorado, the picture is mixed. Statewide, including the Colorado River, the South Platte and six other basins, the snowpack stands at 78 percent of normal, but parched Southwest Colorado comes in at only 56 percent.
It would take half again the normal amount of snowfall between now and April to bring the statewide snowpack up to average, said Brian Domonkos, who supervises the snow survey in Colorado.
The Colorado River Basin isn’t accumulating snow as quickly as it was earlier in the season, Domonkos said Wednesday at a meeting of the state Water Availability Task Force, which monitors drought conditions.
“It’s been pretty dry since about the beginning of February,” he said.
The Colorado update came after calls for increased multi-state cooperation in the Colorado River basin because of the prolonged drought. The basin is home to 40 million people and 4 million acres of farmland.
Lake Mead in Nevada is the key measuring point of water in the Colorado River system, which also includes the Green, San Juan and Gila rivers and some 55 dams and diversions. The lake dropped to historic levels last year after almost 15 years of regional drought.
Las Vegas, with 2 million residents and 40 million visitors a year, gets 90 percent of its drinking water from Lake Mead. The U.S. Agriculture Department has declared most of Nevada a natural disaster area because of the drought.
Interior Secretary Sally Jewell has called California “ground zero for the drought.”
