With the recent drought in the West, ranchers might be forced to find more sustainable options. And some researchers are looking to a breed of cattle from the past for answers.
Jon and Susie Eickoff are used to working together and going home together. Jon says that over three decades they have been apart only a couple of times.
“Except for a business trip to Houston, Texas, and a stint that I spent in the hospital for 10 days, I can say that in 30 years those are the only times we have not been together,” Jon said.
That stint in the hospital was the result of a heart attack Jon suffered while being the CEO of a fast-paced successful engineering services company that he managed with Susie. The couple say they decided just years afterward that it was time to leave the “pressure cooker” career and trade it in for a slower-paced ranching life near Faywood, New Mexico.
“Being out here in a beautiful place with beautiful scenery and around some nice docile animals, it’s a nice place to be,” Jon said.
Those animals are criollo cattle.
Susie says while trying to decide on a cattle breed, they watched as ranching friends struggled during New Mexico’s recent drought.
“Friends of ours had a large cattle ranch and they were selling off their cattle because there was no grass for the cattle, there was no water for the cattle, it was very, very severe on them,” she said.
The Eickoffs say they came across research being done on criollo cattle at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Jornada Experimental Range that showed the breed could adapt to the arid desert environment in Southwest New Mexico.
Susie says they read a lot of the studies being done on the criollo before selecting a breed that has been in the region for hundreds of years.
“This is a sustainable animal. It requires less food, less supplementation, less water, all of those things that the British breeds require more of,” she said.
She says that once a rancher goes through the struggles of drought, it’s very difficult to go through them again.
“They can survive these droughts, and you know, it will get us through the tough times,” she said.
Jon said that they are lucky to have 141 acres of land with irrigable water.
“Water is a premium in this part of the country,” he said.
How much of a premium? Research published in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Research Letters found one in 30 wells in the West is probably dry. The study by Stanford University and the University of California looked at data in 17 Western states covering more than 2 million groundwater wells.
In Eastern New Mexico, there is concern in Curry and Roosevelt counties about increased use of the Ogallala Aquifer.
Alex Rineheart, a hydrogeologist with the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, says he worries about the lack of recharge to the aquifer.
“Even if the drought reverses and we end up in wet period for a while, it’s not really going to change anything,” Rineheart said.
Rineheart says officials are looking into piping in water to the area as a solution.
Alfredo Gonzalez, an animal scientist at the range monitors a group of criollo cattle in a pasture that he says is around 6,000 acres.
Gonzalez is looking at how this group of criollo compares with a group of crossbred Angus and Hereford to see how they respond to desert temperatures.
“They seem better adapted to the hot temperatures,” Gonzalez said.
Gonzalez said not only do the criollo thrive in the desert temperatures, but by monitoring the cattle with GPS tracking collars, they found the breed can travel farther from water.
“We’ve found that they go days more without water, again, they are responding by going out farther and so they distribute a lot better than the Angus. So those are things that the researchers are continuing to collect data on the breed,” Gonzalez said.
That data also includes understanding the criollo’s diet. He said the breed is helping restore grasslands that have disappeared because of overgrazing.
“So with them using these areas a lot better, a lot more diverse plants, (then) they’re utilizing water in a better manner,” Gonzalez said. “I think this is good for the remediation of our grasslands.”
The Eickoffs said the breed of cattle has improved the grasslands on their ranch.
As for a possible solution for ranchers facing drought, researchers at the Jornada Experimental Range north of Las Cruces continue their work on the criollo.
“Because they’re grazing constantly, they’re spreading seeds for us, they’re fertilizing seeds, even with their small hooves they’re doing very little damage to what’s here,” Jon Eickoff said.
The Eickoffs also say criollos birth more easily – they’ve never had to pull a calf – and the breed seems to be great at avoiding disease. It’s another insurance policy for this three-person ranching operation facing conditions that ranchers in the West continue to deal with.
“I’m not a pessimist, I’m just a disillusioned optimist. It’s really difficult to look into the negative side of things, but if it does go negative, I’m sure going to be glad there is going to be criollos around,” Jon saidThis story is part of the State of Change project, produced in partnership with the Solutions Journalism Network. It was published on www.hcn.org.
