NAZARETH, Israel – Although I’ve been to Israel many times, it wasn’t until December that I made my way to Nazareth, hometown of Jesus, center of Christian pilgrimage and, depending on how you cipher the archaeological record, some 3,000 years old.
Today, the agricultural village of Jesus’ time, thought to have a then-population of 500 or so, is a modern, primarily Arab city of steeples and domes and the hurly-burly of commercial enterprise. It is home to the largest Arab community in Israel (both Muslim and Christian), with a secondary, smaller Jewish community in nearby, newer and slightly suburban Upper Nazareth.
And herein lies just one of the conundrums that confront even the most casual visitor to modern-day Israel: Who lives where, and why, and at what social, economic, religious or cultural cost? But this is to get into a debate that has no end, when the pleasant reality is that the modern city of some 60,000 – sprawling, business driven and nestled within a natural bowl of steep Galilean hills – presents itself as a place that primarily wants everyone to go along and get along. And if, while you’re at it, you can promote cultural understanding and sell religious tchotchkes to tourists, so much the better.
A bustling city
If what you’re hoping to find is a storybook vision of rusticity, complete with, say, donkeys, you may be disappointed. Instead, as you approach the city from the west (the main route available from within Israel), you first descend into a shallow valley, and then enter a snarl of traffic and a cacophony of honking horns before ascending again through a crush of pedestrians, bicyclists and groups of tourists to reach the old town. This is where most of the religious sites are and where I stayed, with my husband, in the Fauzi Azar Inn, a 200-year-old Arab mansion-turned-guesthouse and hostel.
Like almost everything in Nazareth in particular, and Israel in general, the Fauzi Azar has a back story. Indeed, for two centuries before opening for business, the house was known as the Azar Mansion, but after the last Mr. Azar died in the 1980s, it fell empty. Meanwhile, an Israeli Jew named Maoz Inon and his wife came up with the idea of turning it into a guest house where Jews, Christians and Muslims could feel equally at home, and where even the poorest of cash-strapped students could find an affordable bed in a large dormitory-style room.
On top of serving as an inn, the guest house is the de facto starting-off point for another of Inon’s local endeavors, in this case the Jesus Trail (created in partnership with David Landis), which opened in 2009. It links Nazareth to Capernaum via the backcountry where the New Testament records that Jesus preached and taught, healed the sick, fed thousands with only a few loaves and fish and turned water into wine. Today, the roughly 40-mile trail can be walked, hiked or biked in three or four days through meadows, along ancient Roman roads, past archaeological wonders and modern-day Israeli agricultural collectives, with stops in Cana, the traditional site of Jesus’ first miracle, and the tomb of Jethro (father-in-law of Moses).
Although December in Nazareth was warm and sunny, I was more interested in losing my way through the valley of the souq (an open-air Arab market), with its hawkers of everything from toy trucks to fragrant spices, than embarking on any kind of real hike. And then there’s this: Nazareth has more than its share of holy places. And with Christmas on its way, seekers from all corners of the world, including large groups of Nigerians and Filipinos led by Orthodox priests in full vestments, were visiting.
Walking through history
Nazareth sprawls, but all the sites are well within walking distance, and we stumbled into the main entrance of the large and looming Roman Catholic Basilica of the Annunciation, built on the site of what is thought to be Mary’s childhood home and where, according to the Gospels, she received the news that eventually changed the world. Built in the 1960s and topped by a soaring dome, the building is architecturally eclectic, mixing marble with concrete, modernist with mosaics. While in Nazareth, you can’t not see the place, but I preferred the Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, marking the spot the Eastern Church believes is where Mary encountered the angel Gabriel while fetching water from the spring that still runs beneath the crypt. The crypt was originally constructed during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine, though the rest of the magnificently frescoed church dates from the 17th century. And yes, the faithful were lined up to fill their water bottles from the same, year-round spring where Mary and no doubt most other ancient Nazarenes drew their water.
I honestly didn’t know what to expect at the Mary of Nazareth International Center, but four separate multimedia rooms designed to replicate ancient gathering spots – and presenting what I can call only a hokey and simplistic version of the life of Jesus – wasn’t it. On the other hand, upon entering the center, we came across an archaeological site of ruins from a 1st-century house, and, as we exited the last of the multimedia onslaughts, we ascended to a lovely garden with astonishing views of the hills above the town. There, as if on cue, there was the clap of a thunderbolt, followed by a brief rain, followed by the sound of bells ringing along with the Muslim call to prayer.
You’re more likely to hear Arabic than Hebrew, but Nazareth is both English-friendly and friendly, period. Tension between Israeli Arabs and Jews? You don’t feel it here, or at least I didn’t. That may be in large part because Nazareth, despite being a significant town in its own right, is also, obviously, a draw for tourists both religious and secular.
A bigger Nazareth?
Interestingly, despite the fact that almost all the literature indicates that the Nazareth of biblical times was so small as to barely count as a village, at least one important archaeological site indicates otherwise. While renovating their gift shop in 1993, a couple by the name of Elias and Martina Shama came across the remains of an ancient bathhouse.
Thus the modern-day Cactus gift shop sits atop a network of terra-cotta pipes that may be at least 2,000 years old, and some that may date back to 320 years or so before the common era, similar to those found at Pompeii. There are fan and palm tree motifs typical of the Hellenistic period and more than 3,000 square feet of the bathhouse itself, making it one of the biggest in the world for its time, according to Shama, who led the tour my husband and I were on. He explained how the discovery of the bathhouse, with its motifs, artifacts and pipes characteristic of ancient Roman times, suggests it was in use at the time of Jesus and perhaps for some decades or centuries before.
The question that arises from all this is: Why would a tiny village be the site of an immense (for its time) bathhouse, unless the village weren’t so tiny at all, but rather a big enough town, on a trade route, where not only the locals, but visitors as well, stopped? One answer is the discovery of the bathhouse is proof that Nazareth was a big and important city during the time of Jesus. It also might mean Jesus, his family and his circle must have bathed there.
