Love can sometimes break a heart, but marriage seems to do it a lot of good. A study of more than 3.5 million Americans finds married people are less likely than singles, divorced or widowed people to suffer any type of heart or blood-vessel problem.
This was true at any age, for women as well as for men, and regardless of other heart-disease risk factors they had, such as high cholesterol or diabetes, researchers found.
“It might be that if someone is married, they have a spouse who encourages them to take better care of themselves,” said Dr. Jeffrey Berger, a preventive cardiologist at NYU Langone Medical Center.
This is the largest look at marriage and heart health, said Dr. Carlos Alviar, a cardiology fellow who led the study with Berger. Previous studies mostly compared married to single people and lacked information on divorced and widowed ones. Or they just looked at heart attacks, whereas this one included a full range from clogged arteries and abdominal aneurysms to stroke risks and circulation problems in the legs.
Researchers used health questionnaires people filled out when they sought various types of tests in community settings around the country from an Ohio company, Life Line Screening Inc.
The study authors have no financial ties to the company and are not endorsing this type of screening, Berger said. Life Line gave its data to the Society of Vascular Surgery and New York University to help promote research.
The results are from people who sought screening from 2003 through 2008. Their average age was 64, nearly two-thirds were female and 80 percent were white. They gave information about smoking, diabetes, family history, obesity, exercise and other factors, and researchers had blood pressure and other health measures.
The study found:
Married people had a 5 percent lower risk of any cardiovascular disease compared with single people. Widowed people had a 3 percent greater risk of it and divorced people had a 5 percent greater risk, compared with married people.
Marriage seemed to do the most good for those younger than 50; they had a 12 percent lower risk of heart-related disease than single people their age.
Smoking, a major heart risk, was highest among divorced people and lowest in widowed ones. Obesity was most common in those single and divorced. Widowed people had the highest rates of high blood pressure, diabetes and inadequate exercise.
Researchers don’t know how long any study participants were married or how recently they were divorced or became widowed. But the results drive home the message a person’s heart risks can’t be judged by physical measures alone – social factors and stress also matter, said Dr. Vera Bittner, a cardiologist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
“We don’t really have a clear explanation” for why marriage may be protective, she said. “You may be more willing to follow up with medical appointments,” take recommended drugs, diet and exercise if you have a spouse.
